1. Fire – A Tool Not a Blanket Rule in Douglas-fir Ecology, by Leo A. Isaac, pp. 1 – 18

2. Use of Fire in Wildlife Management, by Howard A. Miller, pp. 19 – 30

3. Knowing When to Burn, by Robert W. Cooper, pp. 31 – 34

4. Fire and the Changing Wildlife Habitat, by Roy Komarek, pp. 35 – 44

5. The Role of Fire in the Desert and Desert Grassland Areas of Arizona, by Robert R. Humphrey, pp. 45 – 62

6. Research in wildland Fire Ecology in California, by H. H. Biswell, pp. 63 – 98

7. Uses of Fire in the Management of Arizona Watersheds, by Joseph F. Arnold, pp. 99 – 112

8. Concluding Remarks of the Co-Chairman, by Walter S. Phillips, pp. 113 – 116

9. Barriers to Understanding the Influence of Use of Fire by Aborigines on Vegetation, by Omer C. Stewart, pp. 117 – 126

10.The Team Approach to Forest Fire Research, by K. W. McNasser, pp. 127 – 134

11. Fire and Birds in the Mountains of Southern Arizona, by Joe T. Marshall, pp. 135 – 142

12. Some Basic Ecological Factors in Prescribed Burning in Northeastern Minnesota, by Clifford E. Ahlgren, pp. 143 – 150

13. A Basic Approach to Fire Injury of Tree Stems, by Robert E. Martin, pp. 151 – 162

14. Bird Habitat and Fire, by Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr., pp. 163 – 176

15. Concluding Remarks of the Co-Chairman, by Eugene Odum, pp. 177 – 180

16. Fire, Research, and Education, by E. V. Komarek, St., pp. 181 – 188

1. Burning on Private Lands in Mississippi, by John W. Squires, pp. 1 – 10

2. Moose and Fire on the Kenai, by David L. Spencer and John B. Hakala, pp. 11 – 34

2. Fire Ecology and Forest Management in the New Jersey Pine Region, by S. Little, pp. 35 – 60

4. Fire and Management Problems in Ponderosa Pine, by Harold Weaver, pp. 61 – 80

5. Burning in Naval Stores Forest, by Norman R. Hawley, pp. 81 – 88

6. Burning Flint Hills Bluestem Ranges, by Kling Anderson, pp. 89 – 104

7. Fires in Wilderness Area, by Glenn A. Thompson, pp. 105 – 110

8. Lightning Behavior in the Yukon, by L. E. Requa, pp. 111 – 120

9. Project Skyfire Lightning Research, by Keith Arnold, pp. 121 – 130

10. Large Scale Prescribed Burning, by R. J. Riebold , pp. 131 – 138

11. The Natural History of Lightning, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 139 – 184

1. Relations between Ecology and Economics, by S. V. Ciriacy-Wantrup, pp. 3 – 6

2. Fire – as Master and Servant: Its Influence in the Bioclimatic Regions of Trans-Saharan Africa, by John Phillips, pp. 7 – 110

3. Fire and Tree Growth Relationships to Snowshoe Rabbits, by Wallace Grange, pp. 111 – 126

4. Fire in the Range of Attwater’s Prairie Chicken, by V. W. Lehmann, pp. 127 – 144

5. Fire Damage to Commercial Hardwoods in Southern Bottom Lands, by E. Richard Toole, pp. 145 – 152

6. Fire Ecology – Some Kansas Prairie Forbs, by Kling L. Anderson, pp. 153 – 160

7. Some Geographic Views of the Role of Fire in Settlement Processes in the South, by Merle C. Prunty, pp. 161 – 168

8. Fire Ecology – Grasslands and Man, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 169 – 220

9. Prescribed Burning in the Northern Rocky Mountain Area, by W. R. De Silvia, pp. 221 – 230

10. Head Fires in Southeastern Pines, by Leon Neel, pp. 231 – 240

11. Wildfires in the Great Plains Grasslands, by A. S. Jackson, pp. 241 – 260

12. Forest Service Research on the use of Fire in Livestock Management in the South, by J. B. Hilmon and Ralph H. Hughes, pp. 261 – 275

1. Fire in Tropical American Lowland Areas, by Gerardo Budowski, , pp. 5 – 22

2. Man, Fire and Wild Cattle in North Cambodia, by Charles H. Wharton, pp. 23 – 66

3. The Fire Ecology of Caribbean Pine in Nicaragua, by Neil Munro, pp. 67 – 84

4. The Meteorological Basis for Fire Ecology, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 85 – 126

5. A Summary of Fire and Forage Research on Shinnery Oak Rangelands, by E. H. McIlvain and C. G. Armstrong, pp. 127 – 130

6. Use of Range Grasses on Burned Over Brush and Timber Land in California, by Donald R. Cornelius, pp. 131 – 148

7. Fire Ecology in Canebrakes, by Ralph H. Hughes, pp. 149 – 158

8. Effects of Heat and Moisture on Leguminous Seed, by Robert E. Martin and Charles T. Cushwa, pp. 159 – 176

9. A Discussion of Wildlife Management, Fire and the Wildlife Landscape, by Roy Komarek, pp. 177 – 194

10. Prescribed Burning on the St. Marks National wildlife Refuge, by Frank Zontek, pp. 195 – 202

1. Prescribed Burning on International Paper Company Lands, by Carroll J. Perkins, pp. 1 – 6

2. Brush, Fire, and West Texas Rangeland, by Dr. Thadis W. Box, pp. 7 – 20

3. Wildlife Forestry and Fire, by Leon Neel, pp. 21 – 28

4. Moor Burning in Scotland, by Dr. A. J. Kayll, pp. 29 – 40

5. March Burning for Waterfowl, by Gary Schlichtemeier, pp. 41 – 46

6. Controlled Burning for Wildlife in Wisconsin, by Richard J. Vogl, pp. 47 – 96

7. Fire Management in Eucalypt Forest, by A. Hodgson, pp. 97 – 112

8. Effects of Fire on Herbs of the Southeastern United States and Central Africa, by Dr. Paul C. Lemon, pp. 113 – 128

9. Training Through Prescribed Fire Seminars, by Robert W. Cooper, pp. 129 – 134

10. Wildfire and Natural Area Preservation, by Walter S. Boardman, pp. 135 – 142

11. Fire – and the Ecology of Man, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 143 – 170

12. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Fire in the Tropical World, by Dr. Robert B Batchelder, pp. 171 – 208

1. Some Thoughts on the Role of Fire in California, by John Zivnuska, pp. 1 – 4

2. The Nature of Lightning Fires, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 5 – 42

3. Forest Fire in Perspective, by. H. H. Biswell, pp. 43 – 64

4. The Fire Ecology of Sequoia Regeneration, by R. J. Hartesveldt and H. T. Harvey, pp. 65 – 78

5. Fire Adaptations of Some Southern California Plants, by Richard J. Vogl, pp. 79 – 110

6. Ecology of Some “Fire Type” Vegetations in Northern California, by James R. Sweeney, pp. 111 – 126

7. Fire and its Relationship to Ponderosa Pine, by Harold Weaver, pp. 127 – 150

8. Controlled Burning on California Wildlands, F. H. Raymond, pp. 151 – 162

9. Organize, Plan and Prepare for Control Brush Burning, by Walter E. Emrick, pp. 163 – 178

10. Evaluation of the Wildlife Results from Fuel Breaks, Browseways, and Type Conversions, by W. Dasmann, R. Hubbard, W. G. MacGregor, A. E. Smith, pp. 179 – 194

11. Prescribed Burning on Arizona Watersheds, by Malcolm J. Zwolinski, John H. Ehrenreich, pp. 195 – 206

12. Experimental Burning in Park Management, by Ray W. Murphy, pp. 207 – 216

13. Fire Suppression, Faunal Changes and Condor Diets, by Raymond B. Cowles, pp. 217 – 224

14. Prescribed Burning and Brush Type Conversion in California National Forests, by Everett R. Doman, pp. 225 – 234

15. Controlled Burning in the Public Domain in California, by George D. Burma, pp. 235 – 244

16. Controlled Burning in Chamise Chaparral, by Alfred H. Murphy, pp. 245 – 255

1. Burning and Tropical American Savannas, by John Blydenstein, pp. 1 – 14

2. Fire Ecology in Southeastern Australian Sclerophyll Forests by G. Ross Cochrane, pp. 15 – 40

3. Surface Fires in Northern Ontario, by D. W. Smith, pp. 41 – 54

4. Fire Ecology of the Valdivian Rain Forest, by E. J. Wilhelm, Jr., pp. 55 – 70

5. Fire and Wildlife Grazing on an African Plateau, by Paul C. Lemon, pp. 71 – 88

6. Heat Tolerance of Tree Seedlings, by A. J. Kayll, pp. 89 – 106

7. Man, Fire, and Wild Cattle in Southeast Asia, by Charles H. Wharton, pp. 107 – 168

8. Lightning and Lightning Fire as Ecological Forces, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 169 – 198

9. Some Comments Concerning the Wise Use of Fire, by Bryant A. Bateman, pp. 199 – 202

10. Chaparral Conversion on the Tonto National Forest, by J. J. Baldwin, pp. 203 – 208

11. Burning Assistance and Rural Fire Protection Programs, by J. K. Mikell, pp. 209 – 218

12. Control Burning for Deer Management in Chaparral in California, by Jared H. Hendricks, pp. 219 – 234

13. Prescribed Burning for Elk in Northern Idaho, by Thomas A. Leege, pp. 235 – 254

14. Fire in Relation to Waterfowl Habitat of the Delta Marches, by Peter Ward, pp. 255 – 268

15. Controlled Burning in the Management of Muskrats and Waterfowl in Louisiana Coastal Marshes, by Carroll J. Perkins, pp. 269 – 280

1. Comments on Controlled Burning, by Richard J. Vogl, pp. 1 – 4

2. The Role of Fire in the Evolution of the Hawaiian Flora and Vegetation, by Richard J. Vogl, pp. 5 – 60

3. Fire in the Tundra at Rankin Inlet N. W. T., by G. Ross Cochrane and J. S. Rowe, pp. 61 – 74

4. Eucalypt Ecology as Related to Fire, by A. B. Mount, pp. 75 – 108

5. An Australian’s Impression of North American Attitudes to Fire, by A. B. Mount, pp. 109 – 118

6. Natural Reforestation in the Northern Sierra Nevada – Donner Ridge Burn, by Jane H. Bock and Carl E. Bock, ppl 119 – 126

7. Lightning Effects on the Forest Complex, by Alan R. Taylor, pp. 127 – 150

8. Fire and Mammals, by Charles O. Handley, Jr., pp. 151 – 160

9. Fire and Animal Behavior, by E. V. Komarek, St., pp. 161 – 208

10. Some Observations on Indian Forests and Prescribed Burning, by Perry E. Skarra, pp. 209 – 212

11. Wildlife Habitat Research and fire in the Northern Rockies, by L. Jack Lyon, pp. 213 – 228

12. Research on Logging Slash Disposal by Fire, by Dale D. Wade, pp. 229 – 234

13. Postulates of the Prescribed Burning Program of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, by Paul S. Truesdell, pp. 235- 240

14. Controlled Burning on the fort Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona, by Harry Kallander, pp. 241 – 250

15. Prescribed Burning on Recreation Areas I New Jersey: History, Objectives, Influence, and Technique, by James A. Cumming, pp. 251 – 270

16. Fire as a physical Factor in Wildland Management, by Robert E. Martin, Charles T. Cushwa, and Robert L. Miller, pp. 271 – 288

1. The Fire Science Centre at U. N. B.: Its Role and Development, by A. J. Kayll, pp. 3 – 8

2. Restoring Fire to the Ecosystems of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota, and to Similar Wilderness Area, by Miron L. Heinselman, pp. 9 – 24

3. Effects of Fire on a Ruffled Grouse Population, by Phillip D. Doerr, Lloyd B. Keith and Donald H. Rusch, pp. 25 – 46

4. The Role of Fire in Ruffled Grouse Habitat Management, by Ward M. Sharp, pp. 47 – 62

5. Effects of Fire on Numbers of Blue Grouse, by J. A. Redfield, F. C. Zwickel and J. F. Bendell, pp. 63 – 84

6. Wildfires in Relation to the Habitat of Barren-Ground Caribou in the Taiga of Northern Canada, by George W. Scotter, pp. 85 – 106

7. Forest Fire and Insects: The Relation of Fire to Insect Outbreak, by B. W. Flieger, pp. 107 – 114

8. Weather and Fire Control, by William E. Reifsnyder, pp. 115 – 128

9. Prescribed Burning and Air Quality – Current Research in the South, by D. E. Ward and R. C. Lamb, pp. 129 – 140

10. Controlled Burning and Air Pollution: An Ecological Review, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 141 – 174

11. Fire and the Northern Wisconsin Pine Barrens, by Richard J. Vogl, pp. 174 – 210

12. Fire and Red Pine, by C. E. Van Wagner, pp. 211 – 220

13. The Role of Fire in the Ecology and Silviculture of Jack Pine, J. H. Cayford, pp. 221 – 244

14. Spruce and Fire in Northwest Canada and Alaska, by J. S. Rowe, pp. 245 – 254

15. The Forest Primeval in the Northeast – A Great Myth?, by Daniel Q. Thompson and Ralph H. Smith, pp. 255 – 266

16. Prescribed Burning in Southern New England: Introduction to Long-Range Studies, by William A. Niering, Richard H. Goodwin, and Sally Taylor, pp. 267 – 286

17. The Ecology of the Rocky Heathlands of Western Nova Scotia, by R. M. Strang, pp. 287 – 292

18. British Heathland Ecosystems: The Outcome of Many Years of Management by Fire, by C. H. Gimingham, pp. 293 – 322

19. Field Instruction in Prescribed Burning Techniques at the University of Minnesota, by Frank D. Irving, pp. 323 – 331

1. Fire in Africa – A Brief RE-Survey, by John Phillips, pp. 1 – 8

2. Veld Burning in the Kruger National Park, by P. Van Wyk, pp. 9 – 32

3. Veld Burning in Natal, by J. D. Scott, pp. 33 – 52

4. The Effects of Fire on Two Vegetation Types of Matopos, by T. C. D. Kennan, pp. 53 – 98

5. Fire as a Method of Eradicating Macchia Vegetation in the Amatole Mountains of South Africa – Experimental and Field Scale Results, by W. S. S. Trollope, pp. 99 – 120

6. Fire, Man and Wildlife as Interacting Factors Limiting the Development of Vegetation in Rhodesia, by Oliver West, pp. 121 – 146

7. Fire in West African Vegetation, by R. Rose Innes, pp. 147 – 174

8. Fire: Its Effect on Grasslands, Including Swamps – Southern, Central and Eastern Africa, by H. J. Van Rensburg, pp. 175 – 200

9. The Influence of Fire on Important Range Grasses of East Africa, by Jon M. Skovlin, pp. 201 – 218

10. Controlled Burning in the Kruger National Park – History and Development, by A. M. Brynard, pp. 219 – 232

11. Fire and Management in the Tanzania National Parks, by J. S. Owen, pp. 233 – 242

12. Fire and Conservation of the Habitat in Kenya, by P. M. Olindo, pp. 243 – 258

13. Problem of Controlling Fires in Uganda National Parks, by R. J. Wheater, pp. 259 – 276

14. The History of Veld Burning in the Wankie National Park, Rhodesia, by Bruce Austen, pp. 277 – 296

15. Fire and Animal Impact on Vegetation in Tanzania National Parks, by Desmond Vesey-Fitzgerald, pp. 297 – 318

16. Nature, Wildlife and the Habitat with a Discussion on Fire and other Influences, by P. E. Glover, pp. 319 – 336

17. Grass Foggage – Food for Fauna or Fuel for Fire, or Both?, by Peter Hill, pp. 337 – 376

18. The Effect of Bush Fire on the Principal Pentatomid Bugs (Hemiptera) of an Ivory Coast Savanna, by Dominique Gillon, pp. 377 – 418

19. The Effect of Bush Fire on the Principal Acridid Species of an Ivory Coast Savanna, by Yves Gillon, pp. 419 – 472

20. Lightning and Fire Ecology in Africa, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 473 – 512

1. Fire Science at Texas Tech, by Sam E. Curl, pp. 1 – 4

2. Comment by Co-Chairman, by Oliver West, pp, 5 – 8

3. Effects of Fire on True Prairie Grasslands, by E. C. Smith and C. E. Owensby, pp. 9 – 22

4. The Use of Fire as a Management Tool on the Curtis Prairie, by Roger C. Anderson, pp. 23 – 36

5. Fire in the Black Hills Forest-Grass Ecotone, by F. Robert Gartner and Wesley W. Thompson, pp. 37 – 68

6. Fire Ecology in Ponderosa Pine-Grassland, by Harold H. Biswell, pp. 69 – 96

7. Burning and the Grasslands in California, by Harold F. Heady, pp. 97 – 108

8. Fire Effects in Southwestern Semidesert Grass-Shrub Communities, by Dwight R. Cable, pp. 109 – 128

9. Effect of Fire on Shortgrass and Mixed Prairie Species, by J. L. Launchbaugh, pp. 129 – 152

10. Fire as a Tool to Manage Tobosa Grasslands, by Henry A. Wright, pp. 153 – 168

11. A Progress Report on Techniques to Broadcast Burn Dozed Juniper, by Henry A. Wright, Carlton M. Britton, Robert L. Wink, and Bob Beckham, pp. 169 – 174

12. Fire in the Southeastern Grasslands, by Richard J. Vogl, pp. 175 – 198

13. Plant Succession on Burned Areas in Okefenokee Swamp Following the Fires of 1954 and 1955, by Eugene Cypert, pp. 199 – 218

14. Ancient Fires, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 219 – 240

15. Effects of Fire on a Sand Hills Grassland Environment, by Carl W. Wolfe, pp. 241 – 256

16. Prescribed Burning and Grazing for Prairie Chicken Habitat Manipulation in the Texas Coastal Prairie, by Albert D. Chamrad and J. D. Dodd, pp. 257 – 276

17. Role of Fire in Mourning Dove Nesting Ecology, by Edward C. Soutiere and Eric G. Bolen, pp. 277 – 288

18. Prairie Fires and Wildlife, by Leo M. Kirsch and Arnold D. Kruse, pp. 289 – 304

19. The Habitat Requirements of Sage Grouse and the Role of Fire in Management, by Donald A. Klebenow, pp. 305 – 316

20. Prescribed Burning in Grassland Management for Prairie Chickens in Illinois, by Ronald L. Westemeier , pp. 317 – 338

21. Fire in the National Parks Symposium, by W. H. Hendrickson, pp. 339 – 344

22. Impact of Prescribed Burning on a Sequoia-Mixed Conifer Forest, by Bruce M. Kilgore, pp. 345 – 376

23. A prescribed Burning Program for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, by Peter H. Schuft, pp. 377 – 390

24. Restoring Fire to the Environment in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, by John S. McLaughlin, pp. 391 – 396

25. Control Burn Activities in Everglades National Park, by Richard W. Klukas, pp. 397 – 426

26. Effect of Fire on Vegetation of the Chihuahuan Desert Region, by Walter H. Kittams, pp. 427 – 444

27. Fire Ecology in Shenandoah National Park, by Gene Wilhelm, pp. 445 – 488

1. Comments on Fire and Natural Landscape, by Roy Komarek, pp. 1 – 6

2. The Use of Fire in Nature Conservation?, by Reinhold Tüxen, pp. 7 – 14

3. Problems of using Fire in Nature Reserves, by Henry Makowski, pp. 15 – 18

4. Nature Management in the Netherlands and its Financial Consequences with Special Attention to the Role of Fire, by J. A. Van Der Ven, pp. 19 – 38

5. Some Effects of Fire on Vertebrate Herbivores in the Scottish Highlands, by G. R. Miller and Adam Watson, pp. 39 – 64

6. Present Studies and History of Burning in Greece, by L. G. Liacos, pp. 65 – 96

7. Experimental Study on the Effects of Prescribed Burning on a Quercus cocifera Garrigue: Early Results, by Louis Trabaud, pp. 97 – 130

8. The Ecology of Fire in Israel, by Z. Naveh, pp. 131 – 170

9. Fire Ecology in Swedish Forests, by Evald Uggla, pp. 171 – 190

10. Some Remarks on Fire Ecology in Finnish Forestry, by Gustav Sir´en, pp. 191 – 210

11. Prescribed Burning in Norway – Effects on soil and Regeneration, by Peder Braathe, pp 211 – 222

12. Burning Cereal Crop Residues in England, by E. R. Bullen, pp. 223 – 236

13. Fire and Vegetation in the Mediterranean Basin, by Henry N. LeHouerou, pp. 237 – 278

14. Further Remarks on Controlled Burning and Air Pollution, by E. V. Komarek, pp. 279 – 282

15. Some Physical Relationships of Fine Particle Smoke, by Vincent J. Schaefer, pp. 283 – 294

16. Air Movements Above Large Bush-fires, by R. G. Vines, pp. 295 – 302

17. Bush-fire Smoke and Air Quality, by R. G. Vines, pp. 303 – 308

18. Status of Prescribed Burning and Air Quality in the South, by Robert W. Cooper, pp. 309 – 316

19. Some Effects of Fires on Litter, Soil, and Hardwood Regeneration, by Eyvind Thor and Gary M. Nichols, pp. 317 – 330

20. Response of Herbs, Shrubs and Tree Sprouts in Prescribed-Burn Hardwoods in Tennessee, by H. R. DeSelm, E. E. C. Clebsch, G. M. Nichols, and E. Thor, pp. 331 – 344

21. Characteristics of Lightning Fires in Southern Appalachian Forests, by Lawrence S. Barden and Frank W. Woods, pp. 345 – 362

22. The Role of Magnolia and Beech in Forest Processes in the Tallahassee, Florida, Thomasville, Georgia Area, by Robert S. Blaisdell, Jean Wooten, and R.K. Godfrey, pp. 363 – 398

23. The Effects of Late Winter Litter Burn on the Composition, Productivity and Diversity of a 4-year old Fallow-field in Georgia, by Eugene P. Odum, Steven E. Pomeroy, J. C. Dickinson, III, and Kermit Hutcheson, pp. 399 – 420

24. Introduction to Lightning Ecology, by E. V. Komarek, pp. 421 – 428

25. The Physical Parameters of Lightning and the Techniques by Which They are Measured, by Martin A. Uman, pp. 429 – 454

26. Ecological Aspects of Lightning in Forests, by Alan R. Taylor, pp. 455 – 482

27. Lightning – A predator of Citrus Trees in Florida, by E. P. DuCharme, pp. 483 – 496

28. Longevity of Lightning-struck Trees and Notes on Wildlife Use, by W. Wilson Baker, pp. 497 – 504

29. Influence of Thunderstorms on Environmental Ozone, by D. R. Davis, pp 505 – 516

1. Introduction, by Bruce M. Kilgore, pp. 7 – 10

2. From Fire Control to Fire Management, by Henry W. DeBruin, pp. 11 – 18

3. The Role of Fire Suppression in Fire Management, by J. Everett Sanderson, pp. 19 – 32

4. Descon – Utilizing Benign Wildfires to Achieve Land Management Objectives, by David D. Devet, pp. 33 – 44

5. Fire Management in the National Parks: An Overview, by Bruce M. Kilgore, pp. 45 – 58

6. Fire Management in Rocky Mountain National Park, Part I, by David D. Butts, pp. 59 – 76

7. Fire Management in Rocky Mountain National Park, Part II, by Henry B. Clagg and David R. Stevens, pp. 77 – 86

8. Fire Management in Grand Teton national Park, by Lloyd L. Loope and Robert P. Wood, pp. 87 – 98

9. Fire Management in Yellowstone National Park, by Robert E. Sellers and Don G. Despain, pp. 99 – 114

10. Wildland Inventories and Fire Modeling by Gradient Analysis in Glacier National Park, by Stephen R. Kessell, pp. 115 – 162

11. Fire Management Takes Commitment, by Orville L. Daniels, pp. 163 – 166

12. Are Current Fire Management Activities Compatible with Park and Wilderness Values?, Panel Discussion, pp. 167 – 180

13. Should Fire Managers Have the Option of Using Modified Suppression Techniques on Fire Occurring Outside Wilderness?, Panel Discussion, pp. 181 – 192

14. Introductory Remarks: Communication Between Ecologists and Managers, by Jane H. Bock, pp. 193 – 194

15. Further Studies of Natural Reforestation in the Donner Ridge Burn, by Jane H. Bock, Carl E. Bock and Vernon M. Hawthorne, pp. 195 – 200

16. Fire Ecology Review, by E. V. Komarek, Sr. , pp. 201 – 216

17. Fire Ecology Research Needs Identified by Research Scientists and Land Managers, by R. N. Kickert, A. R. Taylor, D. H. Firmage and M. J. Behan, pp. 217 – 256

18. The Evolutionary Role of Wildfire in the Northern Rockies and Implications for Resource Managers, by George E. Howe, pp. 257 – 266

19. Cone Serotiny – Fire Relationships in Lodgepole Pine, by James E. Lotan, pp. 267 – 278

20. Fire and Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) Relationships in the Northern Rocky Mountains, by Ed F. Wicker and Charles D. Leaphart, pp. 279 – 298

21. Effects of Smoke on Pathogens and Other Fungi, by John R. Parmeter, Jr. and Bjarne Uhrenholdt, pp. 299 – 304

22. Forests, Fuels and Fire in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Idaho, by James R. Habeck, pp. 305 – 354

23. Early Vegetal Succession Following Large Northern Rocky Mountain Wildfires, by L. Jack Lyon and Peter F. Stickney, pp. 355 – 376

24. Fire and Elk in Glacier National Park, by C. J. Martinka, pp. 377 – 390

25. Emergence and Survival of Redstem (Ceanothus sanguineus) Following Prescribed Burning, by Mark L. Orme and Thomas A. Leege, pp. 391 – 420

26. Are Land Managers Applying Our Current Knowledge of Fire Ecology?, Panel Discussion, pp. 421 – 436

27. Fire as a Force in Land Use Planning, by John R. McGuire, pp. 439 – 444

28. Soil Fertility as Affected by Broadcast Burning Following Clearcutting in Northern Rocky Mountain Larch-Fir Forests, by Norbert V. DeByle, pp. 447 – 464

29. Logging and Prescribed Burning Effects on the Hydrologic and Soil Stability Behavior of Larch/Douglas-Fir Forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains, by Paul E. Packer and Bryan D. Williams, pp. 465 – 480

30. Early Establishment of Conifers Following Prescribed Broadcast Burning in Western Larch/Douglas-Fir Forests, by Raymond C. Shearer, pp. 481 – 500

31. Spring Burning in an Aspen-Conifer Stand for Maintenance of Moose Habitat, West Boulder River, Montana, by Floyd A. Gordon, pp. 501 – 538

32. Spring Burning for Removal of Sagebrush Competition in Nevada, by Louis E. Beardall and Vern E. Sylvester, pp. 539 – 548

33. Prescribed Use of Fire in the South – A means of Conserving Energy, by Dale D. Wade and Darold E. Ward, pp. 549 – 558

34. Fire Intensity – Fuel Reduction Relationships Associated with Understory Burning in Larch/Douglas-Fir Stands , by Rodney A. Norum, pp. 559 – 572

35. Fuel Reduction – Nutrient Status and Cycling Relationships Associated with Understory Burning in Larch/Douglas-Fir Stands, by N. Stark, pp. 573 – 596

36. Smoke Considerations Associated with Understory Burning in Larch/Douglas-Fir, by Robert Steele, pp. 597 – 608

37. A Direct Fuel Moisture Measuring Instrument: An Aid for Scheduling Prescribed Fires, by Bruce R. McLeod, pp. 609 – 626

38. Is Prescribed Burning Compatible with Environmental Quality?, Panel Discussion, pp. 627 – 644

39. Fire, Land and the People, by William R. Moore, pp. 645 – 654

1. Fire in the Pacific Northwest – Perspectives and Problems, by Robert E. Martin, Dan D. Robinson and Walter H. Schaeffer, pp. 1 – 24

2. Response of Range to Burning, by Donald Gipe, pp. 25 – 32

3. Fires, Fuels, and Flora as Factors in Wilderness Management; the Pasayten Case, by George R. Fahnestock, pp. 33 – 70

4. Succession After wildfire in the North Cascades national Park Complex, by Margaret M. Miller and Joseph W. Miller, pp. 71 – 84

5. Forest Fire and Big Game in the Pacific Northwest, by Jack R. Nelson, pp. 85 – 102

6. Fire History and Ecology, Lava Beds National Monument, by Arlen H. Johnson and Garrett A. Smathers, pp. 103 – 116

7. Fire Implications for Land Managers, by Robert P. Matthews, pp. 117 – 118

8. Fuels and Fire Management – Prescribed Fire Use on the National Forests in the Pacific Northwest Region, by John D. Dell, pp. 119 – 126

9. Forestland Fir: Industry’s Enemy and Management Ally, by Harold E. Hartman, pp. 127 – 134

10. Rats of Spread and Fire Damage to Timber Cover Types in British Columbia, by J. Harry G. Smith and David E. Gilbert, pp. 135 – 154

11. Fire and Vegetation in the Blue Mountains – Implications for Land Managers, by Frederick C. Hall, pp. 155 – 170

12. Development of Vegetation After Fire, Seeding, and Fertilization on the Entiat Experimental Forest, by Arthur R. Tiedemann and Glen O. Klock, pp. 171 – 192

13. Soil – Water Trends Following Wildfire on the Entiat Experimental Forest, by G. O. Klock and J. D. Helvey, pp. 193 – 200

14. Some Climatic and Hydrologic Effects of Wildfire in Washington State, by J. D, Helvey, A. R. Tiedemann, and W. B. Fowler, pp. 201 – 222

15. Fire and Disease, by John R. Hardison, pp. 223 – 234

16. Hazard Abatement by Prescribed Underburning in West-side Douglas-fir, by John R. Swanson, pp. 235 – 238

17. An Approach to Predicting Slash Fire Smoke, by D. C. Sandberg and S. G Pickford, pp. 239 – 248

18. Fire Effects on Water Supply, Floods, and Sedimentation, by Henry W. Anderson, pp. 249 – 260

19. Fire and Environmental Criteria, by Henry F. Droege, pp. 261 – 264

20. Fire and Environmental Criteria, by Al Hedin, pp. 264 – 270

1. The Role of the Plantation in Southern Agriculture, by John Fraser Hart, pp. 1 – 20

2. Plantation Agriculture in the Middle Suwannee Basin of Florida, 1825 – 1850, by James R. Anderson, pp. 21 – 46

3. South Carolina Rice Coast Landscape Changes, by Charles F. Kovacik, pp. 47 – 65

4. The Yazoo-Mississippi Delta as Plantation Country, by John C. Hudson, pp. 66 – 88

5. Persistence of the Plantation and National Agricultural Problems, by Merle C. Prunty, pp. 89 – 110

6. Sugar Plantations in Louisiana, by John B. Rehder, pp. 111 – 126

7. The Plantation in Antebellum Southern Agriculture, by Sam Bowers Hilliard, pp. 127 – 140

8. The Quail Plantations of the Thomasville-Tallahassee-Albany Regions, by William R. Brueckheimer, pp. 141 – 166

9. The Role of the Hunting Plantation in the Development of Game, Fire Ecology, and Management, by E. V. Komarek, pp. 167 – 188

10. The Image of the Plantation in Southern Fiction: The Case of William Faulkner, by Charles S. Aiken pp. 189 – 202

1. Conference dedication to E. V. Komarek, Sr., by James A. Stevenson, pp. 1 – 2

2. About E. V. Komarek, Sr., by J. Larry Landers, pp. 3 – 4

3. Reflections, by E. V. Komarek, Sr., pp. 5 – 6

4. The First E. V. Komarek Sr. Fire Ecology Lecturer: Norman L. Christensen, Jr., by Ronald L. Myers and Louise E. Robbins, pp. 7 – 8

5. Wilderness and High-Intensity Fire: How Much is Enough, by Norman L. Christensen, Jr., pp. 9 – 24

6. Historical Perspective: A Prerequisite for Better Public Understanding of Fire Management Challenges, by George E. Gruell, pp. 25 – 42

7. Ecology and Management of High-Intensity Fires in Yellowstone National Park, by Don G. Despain and William H. Romme, pp. 43 – 58

8. The 1947 Maine Fires: The Last Great Fires in New England?, by William A. Patterson III, pp. 59 – 60

9. Disturbance Influences on Pine Traits in the Southeastern United States, by J. Larry Landers, pp. 61 – 98

10. The Natural Fire Regime of an Unprotected Section of the Boreal Forest in Canada, by Timothy J. Lynham and B. J. Stocks, pp. 99 – 110

11. Reconstructing Fire History in Knobcone Pine, by Joe R. McBride, pp. 111 – 112

12. Resilience to Fire Does Not Imply Adaptation to Fire: An Example from the California Chaparral, by Jon E. Keeley, pp. 113 – 120

13. Effects of the 1988 Fires on Ungulates in Yellowstone National Park, by Mark S. Boyce and Evelyn H. Merrill, pp. 121 – 132

14. The Fire Effects Information System: A Computerized Encyclopedia of Fire Ecology, by William C. Fischer, pp. 133 – 142

15. Evaluating Pyrogenicity and its Effects on Vegetation in Longleaf Pine Savannas, by William J. Platt, Jeff S. Glitzenstein, and Donna R. Streng, pp. 143 – 162

16. Effects of Disturbance on Community Boundary Dynamics of Cumberland Island, Georgia, by Guy R. McPherson and Susan P. Bratton, pp. 163 – 182

17. Fire Influences on Central Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Stand Structure and Composition, by Tamara L. Franklin and Richard D. Laven, pp. 183 – 196

18. Post-Fire Revegetation of Jack Pine Sites in Michigan: An Example of Successional Complexities, by Marc D. Abrams, pp. 197 – 210

19. High-Intensity Prescribed Fire to Maintain Spartia Marsh at the Urban-Wildland Interface, by Dale E. Wade, pp. 211 – 217

20. Fire and Vegetation in Peat-Based Marshes of the Coastal Plain: Examples from the Okefenokee and Great Dismal Swamps, by Sharon Hermann, Ronald A. Phernetton, Allen Carter, and Toney Gooch, pp. 217 – 234

21. Fire Regimes and Management in Southeastern Australia, by Robert J. Whelan and Roslyn M. Muston, pp. 235 – 258

22. Veld Burning in the Kruger National Park, South Africa – An Adaptive Approach, by Willem P. D. Gertenbach, pp. 259 – 272

23. Fire Behavior and Stem Survival in the New Jersey Pine Plains, by Andrew G. Windisch and Ralph E. Good, pp. 273 – 300

24. Condominiums, Trailer Parks, and High-Intensity Fires: The Future of Sand Pine Scrub Preserves in Florida, by Ronald L. Myers, pp. 301 – 302

25. Fire Regimes in Subtropical South Florida, by James R. Snyder, pp. 303 – 320

26. Restoring Natural Fire to the Sequoia-Mixed Conifer Forest: Should Intense Fire Play a Role?, by Nathan L Stephenson, David J. Parsons, and Thomas W. Swetnam, pp. 321 – 338

27. Evolution and Implementation of a Fire Management Program Which Deals With High-Intensity Fires on the Payette National Forest in Central Idaho, by Gene W. Benedict, Larry Swan, and Richard A. Belnap, pp. 339 – 352

28. Use of Firing Techniques to Achieve Naturalness in Florida Parks, by Robert Dye, pp. 353 – 360

29. A Forest Supervisor’s Perspective on the Prescribed Natural Fire, by Orville L. Daniels, pp. 361 – 366

30. Training to Meet the Demand for Conflagration Fire Management, by James L. Murphy and Frank T. Cole, pp. 367 – 374

31. Legal Implications Associated With Use and Control of Fire as a Management Practice, by David H. White, pp. 375 – 384

32. Management Options and Policy Directions Concerning High-Intensity Fire: A Fire Policy Panel Discussion, by Bruce M. Kilgore, pp. 384 – 392

33. Policy Directions and Management Options for High-Intensity Fire Habitats: Comments in Panel Discussion, by Reed F. Noss, pp. 393 – 394

34. Recommended Activities for High-Intensity Fire Habitats: A Conference Summary, by Sharon M. Hermann, pp. 395 – 400

Volume 18

1. Species-area and Fragmentation Effects of Old-Growth Forests: Prospects for Longleaf Pine Communities, by Daniel Simberloff, pp. 1 – 14

2. The History of Longleaf Pine in Florida, by William A. Watts, pp. 15 – 16

3. Four Centuries of Changing Landscape Patterns in the Longleaf Pine Ecosystem, by Cecil C. Frost, pp. 17 – 44

4. Longleaf Pine Vegetation of the Southern Atlantic and Eastern Gulf Coast Regions: A Preliminary Classification, by Robert K. Peet and Dorothy J. Allard, pp. 45 – 82

5. Vegetation of the Longleaf Pine Region of the West Gulf Coastal Plain, by Paul A. Harcombe, Jeff S. Glitzenstein, R. G. Knox, Steve L. Orzell and Edwin L. Bridges, pp. 83 – 104

6. Rare Vascular Plant Taxa Associated with the Longleaf Pine Ecosystems: Patterns in Taxonomy and Ecology, by Joan Walker, pp. 105 – 126

7. Characteristic Mammals and Birds of Longleaf Pine Forests, by R. Todd Engstrom, pp. 127 – 138

8. Amphibians and Reptiles of Longleaf Pine Communities, by Craig Guyer and Mark A. Bailey, pp. 139 – 158

9. Arthropods Associated with Zeric Longleaf Pine Habitats in the Southeastern United States: A Brief Overview, by George W. Folkerts, Mark A. Deyrup and D. Clay Sisson, pp. 159 – 192

10. Genetic Variation in Longleaf Pine, by James L. Hamrick, William J. Platt and Mark Hessing, ppl 193 – 204

11. The Effects of Fire on Nutrient Cycles in Longleaf Pine Ecosystems, by Norman L. Christensen, pp. 205 – 214

12. The Impact of Temporal Variation in Fire Regime on Savanna Oaks and Pines, by Alan J. Rebertus, G. B. Williamson, and W. J. Platt, pp. 215 – 226

13. Evaluating Effects of Season of Burn in Longleaf Pine Forests: A Critical Literature Review and Some Results from an Ongoing Long-term Study, by Donna R. Streng, J. S. Glitzenstein, and W.J. Platt, 227 – 264

14. Small-scale Disturbances in Longleaf Pine Forests, by Sharon M. Hermann, pp. 265 – 274

15. Dynamics of an Old-Growth Longleaf Pine Population, by William J. Platt and S. L. Rathbun, pp. 275 – 298

16. Regenerating Longleaf Pine with Natural Seeding, by William D. Boyer, pp. 299 – 310

17. Growth and Yield in Naturally-Regenerated Longleaf Pine Stands, by Robert M. Farrar, pp. 311 – 336

18. An Ecological Approach to Longleaf Pine Forestry, by W. Leon Neel, pp. 337 – 338

19. Longleaf Ecosystem Restoration in the Wake of Hurricane Hugo, by George Bengtson, J. DuPre, W. Twomey, and R. Hooper, pp. 339 – 348

20. Restoring Longleaf Pine Community Integrity, by Ronald L. Myers, pp. 349 – 350

21. Societal Influences on Prescribed Burning, by Dale D. Wade, pp. 351 – 356

22. Panel Discussion: Silviculture Effects on Groundcover Plant Communities in Longleaf Pine Forests, Jeff S. Glitzenstein, Facilitator; Dennis Hardin, D. Bruce Means, Kenneth W. Outcalt, Joan Walker, and Neal Wilkins, pp. 357 – 370

23. Panel Discussion: Managed Longleaf Pine Forests and Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, Frances C. James, Facilitator; Ralph Costa, Ronald E. F. Escano and Jeffrey R Walters, pp. 371 – 384

24. Panel Discussion: Conservation of the Longleaf Pine Ecosystem, Julie Moore, Facilitator; Lindsay Boring, Roger Dennington, Steven Gatewood, James Stevenson and Michael Webb, pp. 385 – 394

Volume 19

1. Fire and Wetland Management, by Ariel E. Lugo, pp. 1 – 9

2. Impacts of Fire and Hydrological Regimes on Vegetation in Depression Wetlands of Southeastern USA, by L. K. Kirkman, pp. 10 – 20

3. Fire in Boreal Wet-meadows: Implications for Climate Change, by John C. Hogenbirk and Ross W. Wein, pp. 21 – 29

4. Short- and Long-term Effects of Fire on Vegetation and Biogeochemical Processes in Southeastern Evergreen Shrub Bogs (Pocosins) (Abstract only), by Norman L. Christensen and R.B. Wilbur, p. 30

5. Fire on the Gapalg (Floodplain): Contemporary Aboriginal and Other Burning Patterns in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia, by Sue J. Roberts, pp. 31 – 38

6. Presettlement Fire Regimes in Southeastern Marshes, Peatlands, and Swamps, by Cecil C. Frost, pp. 39 – 60

7. Fire Ecology of the Guayana Region, Northeastern South America, by D. Bruce Means, pp. 61 – 77

8. Ignition and Burning Characteristics of Organic Soils, by Roger D. Hungerford, William H. Frandsen, and Kevin C. Ryan, pp. 78 – 91

9. The Role of Fire in Spartina pectinata-Dominated Tallgrass Prairie Wetlands, by Stephen R. Johnson and Alan K. Knapp, pp. 92 -101

10. Vegetation Recovery in Sedge Meadow Communities within the Red Bench Fire, Glacier National Park, by E. Earl Willard, Ronald H. Wakimoto, and Kevin C. Ryan, pp. 102 – 110

11. Fire in Cypress Swamps in the Southeastern United States, by Katherine C. Ewel, pp. 111 – 116

12. Groundwater Levels Are Critical to the Success of Prescribed Burns, by Sydney T. Bacchus, pp. 117 – 133

13. Fire in Coastal Marshes: History and Recent Concerns, by John A. Nyman and Robert H. Chabreck, pp. 134 – 141

14. Fire Effects and Fire Management in the Upper St. Johns River Basin Marsh, Florida, by Mary Ann Lee, Kimberli J. Ponzio, and Brian G. Ormiston, pp. 142 – 150

15. Effects of Spring and Fall Burning on Cattail in South Dakota, by Jose H. Saenz Jr. and Loren M. Smith

Volume 20

1. Strange Fire: the European Encounter with Fire, by Stephen J. Pyne, pp. 1 – 11

2. Prescribed Fire: The Fundamental solution, by Jim Saveland, pp 12 – 16

3. Villains to Heroes: Overcoming the Prescribed Burner versus Forest Firefighter Paradox, by James L. Murphy and Frank T. Cole, pp. 17 – 22

4. The Politics of Ecology: Building Consensus for Prescribed Fire, by Ron Steffens, pp. 23 – 26

5. We Will Not Wait: Why Prescribed Fire Must be Implemented on the Boise National Forest, by Catherine S. Barbouletos, Lynette Z. Morelan, and Franklin O. Carrol, pp. 27 – 30

6. The Science of Prescribed Fire: To Enable a Different Kind of Control, by Timothy E. Paysen, Marcia G. Matog, and Jack D. Cohen, pp. 31 – 36

7. Development of Dedicated Resources to Support Fire Restoration in the National Park Service, by Ben Jacobs, pp. 37 – 40

8. Florida’s Regional Fire Councils: Tools for Fire Management, by Steven R. Miller, pp. 41 – 43

9. Predicting Fire Behavior in the Wildland-Urban Interface, by Karen M. Feary and Leon Neuenschwander, pp. 44 – 48

10. Assessing Live Fuel Moisture for Fire Management Applications, by David R. Weise, Roberta A. Hartford, and Larry Mahaffey, pp. 49 – 55

11. Live Fuel Moisture Content and Remotely Sensed Vegetation Conditions (Abstract), by Roberta A. Hartford and Robert E. Burgan, p. 56

12. Computer Visualization of Forest Change to Communicate Fire-related Ecological Concepts, by Jed J. Andrews and Patricia L. Andrews, pp. 57 – 60

13. Fire Effects Information System: Literature Reviews and Citations at Your Fingertips (Abstract), by Dennis Simmerman, Jane Kapler Smith, Melanie Miller, and Janet Howard, pp. 61

14. Fire Ecology on the Worldwide Web (Abstract), by Ron Steffens, p. 61

15. The Nature Conservancy’s Fire Management and Research Program: Using Fire for Biodiversity Management (Abstract), by Paula A. Seamon, Ronald L. Myers, and Susan M. Roe, p. 62

16. Appreciation of Fire Behavior in Boreal Ecosystems: Two New Interpretive Aids (Abstract), by Martin E. Alexander and Brian J. Stocks, p. 62

17. Management Tools for Managing Stand Structures and Fire (Abstract), by Chadwick D. Oliver, p. 63

18. Fire Potential Evaluation in Support of Prescribed Fire Risk Assessment, by Patricia L. Andrews and Jerry T. Williams, pp. 64 – 68

19. Health Hazards of Smoke (Abstract), by Richard J. Mangan, p. 69

20. Ignition Probability of Organic Soils (Abstract), by William Frandsen, p. 69

21. Presettlement Fire Frequency Regimes of the United States: A First Approximation, by Cecil C. Frost, pp. 70 – 81

22. Fire Regimes in the Interior Columbia River Basin: Past and Present (Abstract), by Penelope Morgan, Stephen C. Bunting, Anne E. Black, Troy Merrill, Steven Barrett, and R. Gerald Wright, p. 82

23. Ecological Management of Sandplain Grasslands and coastal Heathlands in Southeastern Massachusetts, by Peter W. Dunwiddie, pp. 83 – 93

24. Reintroduction of Fire into Fire-dependent Ecosystems: Some Southern Examples, by Dale Wade, George Custer, Jim Thorsen, Paul Kaskey, John Kush, Bill Twomey, and Doug Voltolina, pp. 94 – 98

25. Evolution of Fire Management in Florida’s State Parks, by James A. Stevenson, pp. 99 – 101

26. Prescribed Burning Effects on Wild Turkey Hens During Preincubation, by William E. Palmer and George A. Hurst, pp. 102 – 106

27. Effects of Prescribed Fire and Midstory Removal on Breeding Bird Communities in Mixed Pine-Hardwood Ecosystems of Southern Mississippi, by Loren W. Burger, Jr., Carol Hardy, and Jeff Bein, pp. 107 – 113

28. Marsh Bird Response During Two Prescribed Fires at the St Johns National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County, Florida (Abstract) by Michael Legare, Harvey Hill, Raymond Farinetti, and Frank T. Cole, p. 114

29. Prescribed Burning in Oak Shelterwood Stands: Which Fuel Model Applies? (Abstract), by Patrick Brose, David Van Lear, and Patrick Keyser, p. 115

30. The History of Fire in a Southwestern Virginia Pinus pungens Stand (Abstract), by Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Henri Grissino-Mayer, and Connie Woodhouse, p. 115

31. The Effects of Stand-replacing Fires on Pinus rigida Communities in the Southern Appalachians (Abstract), by Amy E. Major, Ronald L. Hendrick, James M. Vose, and Wayne T. Swank, p. 116

32. Comparison of the Effects of Stand Replacement Fires versus Fell and Burn Site Preparation Fires on Aboveground Biomass in Degraded Pine-Hardwood Stands in the Southern Appalachians (Abstract), by James M. Vose, Wayne T. Swank, Barton D. Clinton, and Katherine J. Elliot, p. 117

33. Effects of Drum-chopping on Wiregrass and Other Herbaceous Species in Xeric Sandhill Sites (Abstract), by Joan Walker and Brian Van Eerden, p. 118

34. Use of Prescribed Fire for the Recovery of the Endangered Peters Mountain Mallow (Iliamna corei) (Abstract), by Caren Caljouw, Judy K. Dunscomb, Mary Lipscomb, Rhonda Edwards, and Steve Adams, p. 119

35. Prescribed Fire on the Apalachicola Ranger District: The Shift from Dormant Season to Growing Season and Effects on Wildfire Suppression, by Joseph P. Ferguson, pp. 120 – 126

36. The Use of Fire in Wetland Preservation and Restoration: Are There Risks?, by Steven J. Miller, Kimberli J. Ponzio, Mary Ann Lee, Lawrence W. Keenan, and Steven R. Miller, pp. 127 – 139

37. Use of Prescribed Fire to Supplement Control of an Invasive Plant, Phragmites australis, in Marshes of Southeast Virginia (Abstract), by Kennedy H. Clark, p. 140

38. A Stand-replacement Prescribed Burn in Sand Pine Scrub, by Kenneth W. Outcalt and Cathryn H. Greenberg, pp. 141 – 145

39. Resource Management of Listed Species in Scrub Vegetation (Abstract), by Anne C. Cox and Richard E. Roberts, p. 146

40. Predicting and Managing Postfire Mortality in South Florida Slash Pines (Abstract), by Eric S. Menges and Mark A. Deyrup, p. 146

41. Regenerating Oak Stands with Prescribed Fire: Preliminary Results of the Shelterwood-burn Technique, by Patrick H. Brose, David H. Van Lear, and Patrick D. Keyser, pp. 147 – 150

42. Prescribed Burning in Selection Stands of Southern Pine: Current Practice and Future Promise, by Robert M. Farrar, Jr., pp. 151 – 160

43. Evolution of a Burning Program on Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge, by Richard P. Ingram and David H. Robinson, pp. 161 – 166

44. Constraints to Using Fire after Hurricane Hugo to Restore Fire-adapted Ecosystems in South Carolina, by Richard K. Myers, Kim J. Hofeldt, and David H. Van Lear, pp. 167 – 172

45. Long-term Ecological Consequences of Varying Fire Frequency in a Humid Grassland, by Alan K. Knapp, John M. Blair, and John M. Briggs, pp. 173 – 178

46. Fire in the Nebraska Sandhills Prairie, by Thomas B. Bragg, pp. 179 – 194

47. Manipulation of Fire Intensity to Achieve Mesquite Management Goals in North Texas, by R. J. Ansley, P. W. Jacoby, pp. 195 – 204

48. Impacts of Alien Annuals on Management of Antelope Bitterbrush and Big Sagebrush Communities (Abstract), by Stephen B. Monsen and Mike Pellant, p. 205

49. Ten-Year Results of Controlled Burning in a Ponderosa Pine-Bunchgrass Savanna (Abstract), by R. M. Strang, A. H. Johnson, and R. N. Chester, p. 205

50. Analyzing Effects of Management Actions Including Salvage, Fuel Treatment, and Prescribed Fire on Fuel Dynamics and Fire Potential, by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and Kevin C. Ryan, pp. 206 – 209

51. Impacts of Fire Exclusion on Forest Dynamics and Processes in Central Idaho, by Peter F. Kolb, David L. Adams, and Geral I. McDonald, pp. 210 – 218

52. Postfire Succession and Disturbance Interactions on an Intermountain Subalpine Spruce-Fir Forest, by Michael J. Jenkins, Christopher A. Dicus, and Elizabeth G. Hebertson, pp. 219 – 229

53. Does Clear-cutting Alter Avian Distributions? A Multiscale, Landscape Approach (Abstract), by D. Brent Gurd and Thomas D. Nudds, p. 230

54. Restoration of Mixed Conifer Communities Using Prescribed Fire in Bryce Canyon National Park, by Michael J. Jenkins, Christopher A. Dicus, and Joel E. Godfrey, pp. 231 – 235

55. Effects of Prescribed Fire in Giant Sequoia-Mixed Confer Stands in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, by Sally M. Haase and Stephen S. Sackett, pp. 236 – 243

56. Twenty-six Years of Prescribed Fire Management in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: What has Been Accomplished in Restoring Fire and its Effects? (Abstract), by David M. Graber and David J. Parsons, p. 244

57. Reintroducing Fire in Ponderosa Pine-Fir Forests After a Century of Fire Exclusion, by Carl E. Fiedler, Stephen F. Arno, and Michael G. Harrington, pp. 245 – 249

58. Interruption of the Natural Fire Cycle in a Grand Fir forest of Central Idaho: Changes in Stand Structure and Composition, by John P. Sloan, pp. 250 – 257

59. Historical Density and Stand Structure of an Old-growth Forest in the Boise basin of Central Idaho, by John P. Sloan, pp. 258 – 266

60. A Fire Frequency and Comparative Fuel Load Analysis in Gambel Oak of Northern Utah, by Linda L. Wadleigh, Carolie Parker, and Barbara Smith, pp. 267 – 272

61. Fire Occurrence, Behavior, and Management at Camp Williams National Guard Base, Utah (Abstract), by Joel E. Godfrey and Michael J. Jenkins, p. 273

62. Fire Management in the North fork of the Flathead River, Montana: and Example of a Fully Integrated Interagency Fire Management Program, by David L. Bunnell and G. Thomas Zimmerman, pp. 274 – 279

63. Use of Alternative Suppression Strategies During 1994 on the Clearwater National Forest, by Byron J. Bonney, pp. 280 – 283

64. Alternative Suppression Effects on Ecosystem Attributes (Abstract), by Francis R. Mohr, p. 284

65. Fire Restoration Options in Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems, by G. Thomas Zimmerman and Philip N. Omi, pp. 285 – 297

66. Monitoring Initial Plant Succession Following Fire in a Subalpine Spruce-Fir Forest, by Calvin A. Farris, Leon F. Neuenschwander, and Susan L. Boudreau, pp. 298 – 305

67. Fuel Load and Tree Density Changes Following Prescribed fire in the Giant Sequoia-Mixed Conifer Forest: The First 14 Years of Fire Effects Monitoring, by MaryBeth Keifer, pp. 306 – 309

68. Simulating the Consequences of Fire and Climate Regimes on a Complex Landscape in Glacier National Park, Montana, by Robert E. Keane, Kevin C. Ryan, and Mark A. Finney, pp. 310 – 324

69. Biological and Management Implications of Fire-Pathogen Interactions in the Giant Sequoia Ecosystem, by Douglas D. Piirto, john R. Parmeter, Jr., Fields W. Cobb, Jr., Kevin L. Piper, Amy C. Workinger, and William J. Otrosina, pp. 325 – 336

70. Resources at Risk: A Fire-based Hazard-risk Assessment for the Boise National Forest, by Timothy A. Burton, Deirdre M. Dether, John R. Erickson, Joseph P. Frost, Lynette Z. Morelan, William R. Rush, John L. Thornton, Cydney A. Weiland and Leon F. Neuenschwander, pp. 337 – 341

71. Management of Fire Regime, Fuels, and Fire Effects in Southern California Chaparral: Lessons from the Past and Thoughts for the Future, by Susan G. Conard and David R. Weise, pp. 342 – 350

72. Maintaining Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Ecosystem Resilience and Diversity by Prescribed Burning Within the Natural Fire Regime (Abstract), by Robert W. Gray, p. 351

73. Accuracy Assessments of Landscape Databases: A Case Study of Heyburn State Park, Idaho, by Kobe C. Harkins and Leon F. Neuenschwander, pp. 352 – 362

74. A Geographic Information System Method for Fire Management in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Identifying Critical Fire Danger Areas (Abstract), by Rick Stratton and Michael J. Jenkins, p. 363

75. Integrated Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Methods for Establishing Wildfire Prescriptions in Select Regions of the Southwestern U.S. (Abtract), by Stephen Yool, Chris Baisan, Michael Medler, Mark Pattrson, and Thomas Swetnam, p. 363

76. Postfire Habitat Use by Cavity-nesting Birds in Northwestern Montana (Abstract), by Eaine L Caton, p. 364

77. A comparison of Abundance, Nesting success, and Nest-site Characteristics of Cavity-nesting Birds in Salvage-logged and Uncut Patches Within a Burned Forest in Northwestern Montana (Abstract), by Susan M. Hitchcox, p. 365

78. Restoring Natural Fire to Wilderness: How are we doing?, by Dacid J. Parsons and Peter B. Landres, pp. 366 – 373

79. The Historical Role of Fire and Ecosystem Management of Fires: Gila National Forest, New Mexico, by Paul F. Boucher and Ronald D. Moody, pp. 374 – 379

80. Two Case Histoies for Using Prescribed Fire to Restore Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems in Northern Arizona, by Stephen S. Sackett and Sally M. Haase, pp. 380 – 389

81. Prescribed Natural Fire in Alaska: Possibilities and Complexities, by James S. Roessler, pp. 390 – 396

82. Implementing Prescribed Natural Fire in Small Wilderness Areas (Abstract), by Michael Hilbruner, Tim Rich, and Nancy Wiggins, p. 397

83. Basic Principles of Boreal Forest Fire Protection in Eurasia, by Eric N. Valendik, pp. 398 – 402

84. Use of Fire in National Practice in Russia: Experience (Abstract), by Valentin V. Furyaev, p. 403

85. Fire and Trees in the Savannas of the World Heritage Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia, by Richard J. Williams and Garry G. Cook, pp. 404 – 412

86. Biological Indicators of Appropriate Fire Regimes in southwest Australian Ecosystems, by N. D. Burrows and G. Friend, pp. 413 – 421

87. Panel Presentations and Discussion – Fire, Silviculture, and Ecosystem Management: what Are the Issues?, W. Keith Moser, Kevin C. Ryan, James M. Vose, and Chadwick D. Oliver, pp. 422 – 431

88. Panel Presentations and Discussion – Are Political and Philosophical Issues Limiting Use of Prescribed Fire?, Frank T. Cole, Bruce Babbitt, Dick Bacon, Mark Heathcott, Mike Long, R. Neil Sampson, and Maitland Sharpe, pp. 432 – 448

Volume 21

1. Fifth E. V. Komarek, St. Memorial Fire Ecology Lecture. Global Transitions in Fire and Fire Management: Retrospectives and Perspectives, by Johann G. Goldammer, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, pp. 1 – 9

2. Banquet Speech. Honey, I Think I Shrunk the Drip Torch!, by Bob Izlar, University of Georgia, pp. 10 – 11

3. Perspectives on Using Prescribed Fire to Achieve Desired Ecosystem Conditions, by James M. Vose, pp. 12 – 17

4. Long-Term Effects of Biennial Prescribed Fires on the Growth of Longleaf Pine, by William D. Boyer, pp. 18-21

5. Plant Succession and Community restoration Following Felling and Burning in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, by Barton D. Clinton and James M. Vose, pp. 22 – 29

6. Age and Stand structure of Old-Growth Oak in Florida High Pine (Abstract), by Cathryn H. Greenberg and Robert W. Simons, p. 30

7. Maintenance of a Vegetative fuel Break at Acadia National Park, Maine (Abstract), by Mark A. Herberger, p. 30

8. Thirty-Five Year Results from the Stoddard Fire Plots: A Study of Fire Frequency in the Red Hills of North Florida and South Georgia (Abstract), by Sharon M. Hermann, p. 31

9. Understory Plant Community Response to Season of Burn in Natural Longleaf Pine Forests, by John S. Kush, Ralph S. Meldahl, and William D. Boyer, pp. 32 – 39

10. Herbaceous Diversity and Spatial Pattern in Longleaf Pine Communities: A Comparison of Natural Stands and Plantations (Abstract), by Randall S. Mejeur, Joan L. Walker, and Brian P. Van Eerden, p. 40

11. Fuel Loads and Overstory Conditions at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, by Brian P. Oswald, Randy G. Balice, and Kelly B. Scott, pp. 41 – 45

12. Disturbance History of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska: Management Implications, by James S. Roessler and Edmond C. Packee, pp. 46 – 57

13. Effects of Fire Injury on Water Relations of Ponderosa Pine, by Kevin C. Ryan, pp. 58 – 66

14. Miller Creek: Ecosystem Recovery in a Western Montana Forest 30 Years after Prescribed Burning and Wildfire, by Jonalea R. Tonn, Martin F. Jurgensen , Glenn D. Mroz, and Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, pp. 67 – 73

15. A Portable Burn Device for Conducting Fire Effects Studies (Abstract), by Brian P. Van Eerden and Joan L. Walker, p. 74

16. An Experimental Approach to Assess the Effect of Corridor Width of Fire Movement Across North Florida Landscapes (Abstract), by Karen A. Whitney and Larry D. Harris, p. 74

17. The Use of Prescribed Fire to Accomplish Resource Management Objectives by Increasing the Production and Diversity of Plant Communities (Abstract), by James K. Wolf and Gary Bingham, p. 75

18. Fire Ecology and Use in Relation to Boreal Forest Ecosystem structure and Function, by Michael G. Weber, pp; 76 – 84

19. Fire Impacts on forest Soils: A Comparison to Mechanical and Chemical site Preparation, by Daniel G. Neary, Leonard F. DeVano, and Peter F. Efolliott, pp. 85 – 94

20. Characteristics of Soils in an Oak-Dominated Forest Subject to Long-Term Prescribed Fires in Franklin county, Tennessee, by Debra H. Phillips, John E. Foss, Cynthia A. Stiles, John S. Wah, and Richard M. Evans, pp. 95 – 102

21. Restoration of Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems: Concepts and Principles (Abstract), by W. Wallace Covington, Margaret M. Moore, and Peter Z. Fulé, p. 103

22. Implementing the Expanded Prescribed Fire Program on the Gila National Forest New Mexico: Implications for Snag Management, by Paul F. Boucher, William M. Block, Gary V. Benavidez, and L.E. Wiebe, pp. 104 – 113

23. Sand Pine Scrub Vegetation Response to Two Burning and Two Non-burning Treatments, by Richard E. Roberts and Anne C. Cox, pp. 114 – 124

24. Fire Suppression and the Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy in Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat (Abstract), by George Sheppard, p. 125

25. Restoration of Mixed-Oak Forests in Southern Ohio with Prescribed Fire (Abstract), Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, p. 126

26. Fire “and” Herbicides? Fire “or” Herbicides? What are the issues?, by Shepard M. Zedaker, pp. 127 – 130

27. Restoring Longleaf Pine-Wiregrass Ecosystems: Low-Rate Hexazinone Application Enhances Effects of Prescribed Fire (Abstract), by Dale G. Brockway and Kenneth W. Outcalt, p. 131

28. Fire and Pesticides: A Review of Air Quality Considerations, by Parshall B. Bush, Daniel G. Neary, and Charles K. McMahon, pp. 132 – 136

29. The Relative Effectiveness of Prescribed Burning and Herbicide Applications for Controlling Fennel on Santa Cruz Island, California (Abstract), by Robert C. Klinger and Bob Brenton, p. 137

30. Imazapyr-Fire Interactions for Bobwhite Quail Habitat Enhancement (Abstract), by Mark W. Thomas, p. 138

31. Fire Regimes and the Management of Biodiversity in Temperate and Tropical Eucalyptus Forest Landscapes in Australia, by Richard J. Williams and Ross A. Bradstock, pp. 139 – 150

32. Effects of Wildfire on Densities of Secondary Cavity-Nesting Birds in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Northern Arizona, by Jill K. Dwyer and William M. Block, pp. 151 – 156

33. Effect of Time Elapsed After Prescribed Burning in Longleaf Pine Stands on Potential Prey of the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker (Abstract), by James L. Hanula and Kirsten C. New, p. 157

34. Prescribed Burning: Observations on the Interaction of Wildlife with Fire in State Parks of Southwestern Florida, by Terry Hingtgen, pp. 158 – 162

35. Effects of Wildfire Severity on Small Mammals in Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests, by Sean C. Kyle and William M. Block, pp. 163 – 168

36. Movements and Survival of Bachman’ Sparrows in Response to Growing-Season Prescibed Burns in South Carolina (Abstract), by Bradford D. Seaman and David G. Krementz, p. 169

37. Policy Issues Facing Prescribed Burning Today (Abstract), by Frank T. Cole, p. 169

38. Influences on Prescribed Burning Activity in the National Forest System, by David A. Cleaves, Terry K. Haines and Jorge Martinez, pp. 170 – 177

39. Occurrence of Fire in Longleaf Pine Stands in the Southeastern United States, by Kenneth W, Outcalt, pp. 178 – 182

40. Recent Advances in the Silvicultural Use of Prescribed Fire, by David H. Van Lear, pp. 183 – 189

41. Methods for Restoring Long-Unburned Florida Oak-Saw Palmetto Scrub Using Mecahnical Cutting and Prescribed Burning (Abstract), by Shannon R. Boyle, Paul A. Schmalzer, and Frederic W. Adrian, p. 190

42. Using Prescribed Fire to Regenerate Table Mountain Pine in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, by Patrick H. Brose and Thomas A. Waldrop, pp. 191 – 196

43. A Shelterwood-Burn Technique for Regenerating Productive Upland Oak sites in the Piedmont Region (Abstract), by Patrick H. Brose, David H. Van Lear, and Patrick D. Keyser, p. 197

44. The Role of Fire, Canopy Gaps, and Deer Browsing in Forest Regeneration in Secons-Growth Stands: Pretreatment Results (Abstract), by Rachel J. Collins and Walther P. Carson, p. 197

45. Restoring Fire to Red and White Pine-Dominated Ecosystems in the Lake States: History and Ecological Responses (Abstract), by Donald I. Dickmann, p. 198

46. Fire as a Silvicultural Tool to Improve Southern Appalachian Pine-Hardwood Stands (Avstract), by Katherine J. Elliott, James M. Vose, and Wayne T. Swank, p. 198

47. Exploring Methods for Maintaining Old-Growth structure in Forests with a Frequent-Fire History: A Case Study, by Stephen A. Fitzgerald, William H. emmingham, Gregory M. Filip, and Paul T. Oester, pp. 199 – 206

48. Practice of Silviculture and Vegetation Management on Industrial Timberlands, by David W. Gerhardt, pp. 207 – 210

49. Prescribed Fire and Selective harvesting: An Evaluation of Ecological Forest Management I the Red Hills Region of Florida and Georgia (Abstract), by Stephen T. Lindeman, p. 211

50. Flatwoods Restoration on the St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida: A prescription to Cut and Burn, by Steven R. Miller and William R. Bossuot II, pp. 212 – 215

51. Ecological Restoration of an Old-Growth Longleaf Pine Stand Utilizing Prescribed Fire, by J. Morgan Varner, III, John S. Kush, and Ralph S. Meldahl, pp. 216 – 219

Volume 22

1. Fire in Conservation Nets – Looking Back, Thinking Ahead (Abstract), by Ross W. Wein, p. 1

2. Repeat Photography of Montane Trembling Aspen in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, by Clifford A. White and Michael C. Feller, pp. 2 – 22

3. Comparison of Current and Historical Stand Structure in Two Interior Douglas-fir Sites in the Rocky Mountain Trench, British Columbia, Canada, by Robert W. Gray, Eva Riccius, and Carmen Wong, pp. 23 – 35

4. Relating Historic Fire Regimes to 20th-Century Fire Potential May Augment Ecological Justifications for Expanded Fuel Treatment Programs, by Erik J. Martinson and Philip N. Omi, pp. 36 – 42

5. Fire Regimes in Nahanni National Park and the Mackenzie Bison Sanctuary, Northwest Territories, Canada, by P.M. Bothwell, W.J. de Groot, D.E. Dubé, T. Chowns, D.H. Carlsson, and C.N. Stefner, pp. 43 – 54

6. Using Topography to Model and Monitor Fire Cycles in Banff National Park, by Marie-Pierre Rogeau, Ian Pengelly, and Marie-Josée Fortin, pp. 55 – 69

7. Mapping Fire Regime Condition Class: A Method for Watershed and Project Scale Analysis, by Wendel J. Hann, pp. 70 – 87

8. Using Size-Frequency Distributions to Analyze Fire Regimes in Florida, by Thomas P. Holmes, Jeffry P. Prestemon, John M. Pye, David T. Butry, D. Evan Mercer, and Karen L. Abt, pp. 88 – 94

9. The Role of Wildland Fire in Portions of Southeastern North America, by David Jurney, Rob Evans, John Ippolito, and Velicia Bergstrom, pp. 95 – 116

10. Relationship of Historic Fire Regimes to Dead Wood Components in White Fir Forests of Southwestern Oregon, by Diane E. White, Thomas Atzet, and Patricia A. Martinez, pp. 117 – 124

11. Characterizing Fire Regimes in Sub-boreal Landscapes: Current Fire History Research in the Sub-boreal Biogeoclimatic Zones of British Columbia (Abstract), by Shawn R. Francis and David A. Conly, p. 125

12. Accuracy Assessment of Fire Atlas and Photo-Interpreted Data Used to Evaluate 20th-Century Fire Rotations in the Upper Selway River Basin, Idaho (Abstract), by Casey Teske, Penelope Morgan, Matt Rollins, and Pat Green, p. 126

13. The Influence of Fire Interval on the Regeneration of Black Spruce and Jack Pine in the Northern Boreal Forest of Quebec (Abstract), by Heloise Le Goff and Luc Sirois, p. 127

14. Memories of Mixed-Severity Disturbance Regimes from Ponderosa Pine-Douglas-Fir Age Structures, Southwestern British Columbia (Abstract), by Carmen M. Wong, Kenneth P. Lertzman, and Emily K. Heyerdahl, p. 128

15. Fire Planning for Park Landscapes: An Ecological Approach to Managing Fuels and Fire Regimes (Abstract), by Robin Wills, p. 129

16. Accessing the (Re-)Introduction of Fire into the Swiss National Park: Implications and Challenges (Abstract), by Britta Allgöwer and Paul Gleason, p. 130

17. Achieving Landscape Fire Management Goals in the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains: The Mount Shanks Fire, by Robert C. Walker and Alex P. Taylor, pp. 131 – 136

18. Focus on Invasive Plants in the Fire Effects Information System, by Jane Kapler Smith, Janet Howard, and Jack McWilliams, pp. 137 – 140

19. Fuels, Fire Severity, and Invasive Plants within the Cerro Grande Fire, Los Alamos, New Mexico, by Philip N. Omi, Erik J. Martinson, Mohammed A. Kalkhan, Geneva W. Chong, Molly Hunter, and Thomas J. Stohlgren, pp. 141 – 148

20. The Cerro Grande Fire Bombshell (Abstract), by Patrick J. Valerio, p. 149

21. Preliminary Results from Hazardous Fuel Reduction at Yosemite National Park, California (Abstract), by Kara J. Paintner and Monica Buhler, p. 150

22. Quantifying Organic Matter Combustion during Peatland Wildfire (Abstract), by Merritt R. Turetsky, Linda A. Halsey, Dale H. Vitt, and R. Kelman Wieder, p. 151

23. Accessing Spatial Variation in Organic Matter Lost Due to Fire within and between Continental Peatlands of Western Canada (Abstract), by Brian W. Benscoter, R. Kelman Wieder, Dale H. Vitt, and Linda A. Halsey, p. 152

24. Demonstration Plots for Comparing Fuel Complexes and for Managing Spruce Beetle Outbreaks (Abstract), by Elizabeth G. Hebertson, Michael J. Jenkins, and Linda L. Wadleigh, p. 153

25. An Infrared Approach to Forest Fire Behavior Quantification, by Douglas J. McRae and Ji-zhong Jin, pp. 154 – 162

26. A Wildfire Threat Rating System for the Birkenhead and Gates Landscape Units, British Columbia, by Bruce A. Blackwell, Robert W. Gray, Fiona M. Steele, Amelia J. Needoba, Robert N. Green, and Ken MacKenzie, pp. 163 – 174

27. Using Forest Management Techniques to Alter Forest Fuels and Reduce Wildfire Size: An Exploratory Analysis, by Kelvin Hirsch, Victor Kafka, and Bernie Todd, pp. 175 – 184

28. Development of Daily Weather and fire Danger Scenarios Using Two General Circulation Models, by K. A. Logan, M. D. Flannigan, B. M. Wotton, and B. J. Stocks, pp. 185 – 190

29. Integrating Remote Sensing, GIS, and Spatial Statistics: A Case Study of Invasive Plants and Wildfire on the Cerro Grande Fire, Los Alamos, New Mexico, by Mohammed A. Kalkhan, Erik J. Martinson, Philip N. Omi, Thomas J. Stohlgren, Geneva W. Chong, and Molly A. Hunter, pp. 191 – 199

30. The International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment: Background, Genesis, Overview, and Summary (Abstract), by Martin E. Alexander and Brian J. Stocks, p. 200

31. Characterizing Variability in Crown Fire Spread Using Gridded Thermocouple Data (Abstract), by Steve W. Taylor and George N. Dalrymple, p. 201

32. Fire-Induced Shrub and Tree Mortality in Boreal forest Crown Fires (Abstract), by Daniel M. Jimenez, Bret W. Butler, James J. Reardon, Brent W. Webb, and Joshua L. Jones, p. 201

33. Understory Vegetative Response Following High-Intensity Crown Fires in Jack Pine-Black Spruce Stands (Abstract), by Michael W. Hobbs, Martin E. Alexander, and Michael G. Weber, p. 202

34. Jack Pine Regeneration at the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment, by W.J. de Groot, M. E. Alexander, B. M. Wotton, P. M. Bothwell, C. N. Stefner, and D. H. Carlsson, pp. 203 – 209

35. Post-Fire Twig Tip Diameters as a Measure of Fire Intensity (Abstract), by Don G. Despain, p. 210

36. Diurnal Fine Fuel Moisture Characteristics at a Northern Latitude, by Judi A. Beck and O. Brad Armitage, pp. 211 – 221

37. The International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment Fuel Treatment Trials (Abstract), by Martin E. Alexander and Rick A. Lanoville, p. 222

38. Sampling the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment Jack Pine-Black Spruce Fuel Complex (Abstract), by Chris N. Stefner, Martin E. Alexander, Murray E. Maffey, John A. Mason, Brian J. Stocks, and Garry R. Hartley, p. 223

39. A Comparison of Organic Layer Consumption between Fires of Canada and Alaska (Abstract), by Kristen L. Manies, Jennifer W. Harden, and Kimberly P. Wickland, p. 224

40. Soil Heating Associated with Crown Fires (Abstract), by James J. Reardon, Daniel M. Jimenez, and Kevin C. Ryan, p. 225

41. Measurement of Energy Heat Flux in a Clearing during Passage of a Crown Fire – ICFME 99 (Abstract), by Mark Y. Ackerman and Gary R. Dakin, p. 226

42. Flame Temperature and Wind Speed Measurements during Experimental Crown Fires (Abstract), by B. Michael Wotton, John A. Mason, Gary R. Hartley, and Chris N. Stefner, p. 227

43. Air Temperatures and Thermal Radiation Measurements in Full-Scale Wind Driven Crown Fires (Abstract), by Bret W. Butler, p. 227

44. Sampling and Analysis of Emissions During the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment: A Focus on the Carbon Composition of Aerosols (Abstract), by Joseph M. Conny, George A. Klouda, John F. Slater, W. Randy Cofer, III, and E. L. Winstead, p. 228

45. Experimental Reburns 1 – 4 Years after a High-Intensity Crown Fire (Abstract), by Nathalie Lavoie and Martin E. Alexander, p. 229

46. What the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment Has Meant to Northwest Territories Fire Management and its People (Abstract), by R. A. Lanoville, p. 230

47. FireWorks Educational Program and its Effectiveness, by Jane Kapler Smith and Nancy E. McMurray, pp. 231 – 235

48. Analysis of the Canadian Large Fire Database, 1959 – 1997 (Abstract), by Erin M. Bosch, John A. Mason, Bernie Todd, and Brian J. Stocks, p. 236

49. Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Landscape-Level Fire Behavior Potential in Central Saskatchewan (Abstract), by Victor Kafka, Marc-André Parisien, Kelvin Hirsch, Michael Flannigan, and Bernie Todd, p. 237

50. Atmospheric Influences on the 1994 – 1995 Extreme Fire Seasons in the Northwest Territories, Canada (Abstract), by Bohdan Kochtubajda, Michael D. Flannigan, John R. Gyakum, and Ronald E. Stewart, p. 238

51. An Analysis of the Meteorological Conditions Associate with the 1999 Panther River Fire in Banff National Park (Abstract), by Brian Mottus and Ian Pengelly, p. 239

52. Applying Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing to Forest Fire Monitoring, Mapping, and Modeling in Canada, by P. Englefield, B. S. Lee, R. H. Fraser, R. Landry, R. J. Hall, T. J. Lynham, J. Cihlar, Z. Li, J. Jin, and F. J. Ahern, pp. 240 – 245

53. Estimating Historical Range and Variation of Landscape Patch Dynamics with Simulation Modeling (Abstract), by Russell A. Parsons, Robert E. Keane, and Paul F. Hessburg, p. 246

54. Distribution and Dynamics of Jack Pine at Its Longitudinal Range Limits in Québec, by Marc-André Parisien, Luc Sirois and Marc Babeau, pp. 247 – 257

55. Impacts of Fire and elk Herbivory in the Montaine Ecoregion of Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, by Brian D. Amiro, Willian J. de Groot, Peter Bothwell, Alan L. Westhaver, and Peter L. Achuff, pp. 258 – 264

56. Mule Deer Browse Species Response to Thinning and Burning in Interior Douglas-fir Forests in British Columbia (Abstract), by Robert W. Gray and Kenneth L. MacKenzie, p. 265

57. Shrub Response to Wildfire in Upland Subarctic Forests, by G. Peter Kershaw, Jill A. Smith and C. Stewart Brown, pp. 266 – 271

58. Effects of Understory Burning in a Mesic Mixed-Oak Forest of the Southern Appalachians, by Katherine J. Elliott, James M. Vose, Barton D. Clinton, and Jennifer D. Knoepp, pp. 272 – 283

59. Fire Management along the Wildland-Urban Interface in Southern California: A Search for Solutions at the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, by Claudia Luke, Paul H. Zedler, and Sedra Shapiro, pp. 284 – 293

60. Multi-Scale Planning and Implementation to Restore Fire-Adapted Ecosystems and Reduce Risk to the Wildland-Urban Interface, by Cecilia H. McNicoll and Wendel J. Hann, pp. 294 – 316

61. Safety Implications for Firefighters and Homeowners in the Wildland-Urban Interface (Abstract), by Richard J. Mangan, p. 317

62. Some Considerations When Prescribed Burning at the Wildland-Urban Interface (Abstract), by D. Wade, J. Brenner, J. Anderson, H. Graham, S. Goodrick, R. Gorden, M. Hebb, J. Kern, M. Kuypers, S. Miller, K. Mousel, T. Proctor, D. Voltolina, p. 318

63. Forest Fire Research in Columbia (Abstract), by Yolanda González Hernández, p. 319 – 320

64. Development of the Indonesian Fire Danger Rating System (Abstract), by Bryan Lee, Iwan Gunawan, Michael Brady, William de Groot, Orbita Roswintiarti, Robert Field, Guwanto, and Caren Dymond, p. 321

65. Establishment of the Southeast Asia Fire Science Network (Abstract), by Bambang Hero Saharjo, Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin, and Michael Brady, p. 322

66. The Association for Fire Ecology (Abstract), by Neil G. Sugihara, p. 323

67. Reflections on Tall Timbers 22 and September 11 – A Conference Summary, by Philip N. Omi, p. 324

Volume 23

1. Seventh E. V. Komarek, Sr. Fire Ecology Lecturer: Winston S. W. Trollope, By Ronald E. Masters, p. 1

2. Fire – A Key Factor in the Ecology and Management of African Grasslands and Savannas, by Winston S. W. Trollope, pp. 2 – 14

3. A Contrast in Similarities: Fire and Plant Diversity in Grasslands of North America and Western Australia (Abstract), by Thomas B. Bragg, p. 15

4. Are Lightning Fires Unnatural? A Comparison of Aboriginal and Lightning Ignition Rates in the United States, by Charles E. Kay, pp. 16 – 28

5. Native American Fire Patterns in Yosemite Valley: A Cross-Disciplinary Study, by Linn Gassaway, pp. 29 – 39

6. The Historic Fire Regime on the edge of the Prairie: A Case Study from the Cross Timbers of Oklahoma, by Stacy L. Clark, Stephen W. Hallgren, David M. Engle, and David W. Stahle, pp. 40 – 49

7. Landscape Characteristics of Sagebrush-Steppe/Juniper Woodland Mosaics under Varios Modeled Prescribed Fire Regimes, by Stephen C. Bunting, Eva K. Strand, and James L. Kingery, pp. 50 – 57

8. Fire in Oak Woodlands: A General Land Office Perspective (Abstract), by Tom Foti, David H. Jurney, and Tamara Hocut, p. 58

9. Effects of Fire on Vegetation Dynamics in Tallgrass Prairie: 30 Years of Research at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Abstract), by David C. Hartnett, p. 59

10. Fire-Induced Changes in Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics in Tallgrass Prairie (Abstract), by John M. Blair, Loretta C. Johnson, and Alan K. Knapp, p. 60

11. First-Year Response to Summer Fire and Post-Fire Grazing Effects in Northern Mixed Prairie (Abstract), by Jessica L. Rose, Lance T. Vermeire, and David B. Wester, p. 61

12. Effects of Seasonal Fires on the Temporal Stability of Herbaceous Production in a Mesquite-Encroached Grassland (Abstract), by Michael J. Castellano and R. James Ansley, p. 62

13. Effects of Summer Fires on Woody, Succulent, and Graminoid Vegetation in Southern Mixed-Prairie Ecosystems: A Review, by R. James Ansley and Michael J. Castellano, pp. 63 – 70

14. Effects of Dormant-Season Fire at Three Different Fire Frequencies in Shortgrass Steppe of the Southern great Plains (Abstract), by Paulette L. Ford and Carleton S. White, p. 71

15. Fire Ecology of Woody Plant Populations in Ungrazed Tallgrass Prairie: Effects of Season of Fire on Demography, Abundance, and Regeneration (Abstract), by Kristy M. Hajny, David Hartnett, Gail Wilson, Ben Vanderweide, and Krysta Hougen, p. 72

16. Restoring Barrens Shrublands: Decreasing Fire Hazard and Improving Rare Plant Habitat, by William A. Patterson III and Gretel L. Clarke, pp. 73 – 82

17. Prescribed Burning Reduces Competition and Improves Germination of Two Rare Plants in Washington (Abstract), by Richy J. Harrod and Charles B. Halpern, p. 83

18. Using Models to Assess Fire Regime Conditions and Develop Restoration Strategies in Grassland Systems at Landscape and Global Scales (Abstract), by Ayn J. Shlisky, S. Hickey, and T. B. Bragg, p. 84

19. Assessing Multiple Processes, Including Fire, for a Regional Assessment of Grasslands and Shrublands Based on NRCS Ecological Sites Framework (Abstract), by Joanna Bate, Steven Yanoff, Patrick McCarthy, and Anne Bradley, p. 85

20. Fire and Resource Availability Influence Carbon and Water Relations of the C3 Shrub Roughleaf Dogwood in a Mesic Grassland, by Jana L. Heisler, Alan K. Knapp, and J. M. Briggs, pp. 86 – 93

21. Impact of Fire on Soil Resource Patterns in a Northern California Montane Ecosystem, by Jessica R. Miesel, Carl N. Skinner, and Ralph E. J. Boerner, pp. 94 – 102

22. Response of Four Lake Wales Ridge Sandhill species to Reintroduction of Prescribed Fire with and without Mechanical Pre-Treatment (Abstract), by Carl W. Weekley, Eric S. Menges, and Marcia A. Rickey, p. 103

23. Effects of Mechanical Treatments and Fire on Litter reduction in Florida Scrub and Sandhill, by Marcia A. Ricky, Eric S. Menges, and Carl W. Weekley, pp. 104 – 108

24. A comparison of Native versus Old-Field Vegetation in Upland Pinelands Managed With Frequent Fire, South Georgia, USA, by Thomas E. Ostertag and Kevin M Robertson, pp. 109 – 120

25. Effects of Prescribed Burning Frequency on Avian Communities in Longleaf Pine Forests in Western Louisiana, by R. Montague Whiting, Jr., Michael S. Fountain, and Kenneth J. Laterza, pp. 121 – 128

26. Characterizing Mechanical and Prescribed Fire Treatments, Following Clear-Cutting of Jack Pine and Short-Term Treatment Effects on Insect Communities, by Ryan D. DeSantis and Andres J. Storer, pp. 129 – 139

27. An Ecosystem Approach to Determining Effects of Prescribed Fire on Southwestern Borderlands Oak Savannas: A Baseline Study, by Gerald J. Gottfried, Daniel G. Neary, and Peter F. Ffolliott, pp. 140 – 146

28. Vegetation Responses to Seeding and Fertilization Treatments after Wildfire in North-Central Washington State (Abstract), by David W. Peterson, p. 147

29. Management Challenges and Opportunities Related to Prairie Grouse: A Pictorial Overview (Abstract), by Steve K. Sherrod, p. 148

30. Lekking and Nesting Response of the Greater Prairie-Chicken to Burning of Tallgrass Prairie, by Michael A. Patten, Eyal Shochat, Donald H. Wolfe, and Steve K. Sherrod, pp. 149 – 155

31. Fire Effects on Lesser Prairie-Chicken Habitat (Abstract), by Terrence G. Bidwell and Chad S. Boyd, p. 156

32. Restoring the Fire-Grazing Interaction for Grassland Conservation and Management (Abstract), by Samuel D. Fuhlendorf and David M. Engle, p. 157

33. Patch Burning as a Heterogeneity Approach to Rangeland Management, by Jay D. Kerby, David M. Engle, Samuel D. Fuhlendorf, David L. Nofziger, and Terrence G. Bidwell, pp. 158 – 162

34. Restoring Heterogeneity on the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve: Applying the Fire-Grazing Interaction Model, by Robert G. Hamilton, pp. 163 – 169

35. Comparison of BEHAVE: Fire Behavior Prediction and fuel Modeling System Predictions with Observed Fire Behavior Varying by Season and Frequency, by Jeffrey C. Sparks, Ronald E. Masters, David M. Engle, George A. Bukenhofer, and Mark E. Payton, pp. 170 – 180

36. Effects of Land Use on Fuel Characteristics and Fire Behavior in Pinelands of Southwest Georgia, by Kevin M. Robertson and Thomas E. Ostertag, pp. 181 – 191

37. Spatial Variation of Fire Effects Within a Juniperus-Quercus Savanna (Abstract), by Dirac Twidwell, Sam Fuhlendorf, Dave Engle, and Butch Taylor, p. 192

38. The Effect of Thinning and Aspect on Fire Behavior in the Missouri Ozarks of the Central Hardwood Region, by Jeremy Kolaks, Bruce E. Cutter, Edward F. Loewenstein, George W. Hartman, and John M. Kabrick, pp. 193 – 201

39. Testing Mutch’s Hypothesis in Southeast Queensland: Plant Flammability Revisited (Abstract), by Cuong Tran, Clyde Wild, and Tatia Zubrinich, p. 202

40. Fuel Bed Characteristics and Fire Behavior in Catbrier Shrublands, by Michael C. Ohman, Willian A. Patterson III, and Julie A. Richburg, pp. 203 – 209

41. Fire Behavior Aspects Associated With Linear Disturbances in Alberta, Canada, by Greg Baxter, pp. 210 – 213

42. Quantifying Fire Behavior versus Societal Benefits of Southern California Shrublands and Grasslands, by Christopher A. Dicus and Maurica A. Zimmerman, pp. 214 – 220

43. Comaprison of Live Fuel Moisture Sampling Mehtods for Big Sagebrush in Utah (Abstract), by Annie Brown, Philip N. Omi, and Jolie Pollet, p. 221

44. Monitoring Fire Effects in Grasslands on National Park Units of the Northern Great Plains (Abstract), by Andy Thorstenson and Cody L. Wienk, p. 222

45. Analysis of Fuel Variability within the Rocky Mountain Region: Integration of Field Data, Geospacial Information, and Spatial Statistics (Abstract), by Mohammed A. Kalkhan and Karl E. Brown, p. 223

46. New Tools for Assessing Landscape Scale of Vegetation and Wildfire Hazards: A Case Study from the Rocky Mountain Region (Abstract), by Mohammed A. Kalkhan, p. 224

47. Ecological Diversity in Chaparral Following Prescribed Fire and Mastication Treatments (Abstract), by Jennifer Potts and Scott Stephens, p. 225

48. Fire Effects on the Structure of Woody Vegetation of Cerrado Denso, a Savanna-Like Vegetation of Central Brazil (Abstract), by Magarete Naomi Sato, Heloísa Sinátora Miranda, and Philip J. Riggan, p. 226

49. Nonnative Invasive Plants and Fire: Literature Reviews and Knowledge Gaps (Abstract), by Gregory T. Munger, Kris Zouhar, and Jane Kapler Smith, p. 227

50. The Puu Anahulu Wildfire Management Study: Development of Roadside Fuels Reduction Techniques for Leeward Hawaii (Abstract), by J. Michael Castillo, Miles Nakahara, David Weise, Robert Vilmanek, Gayland Enriques, Amanda McAdams, Lawrence Ford, Rod Moraga, Bruce Babb, Mark Thorn, Edith Nonner, and Danielle Frohlich, p. 229

51. The Effect of Cattle Grazing, Glyphosate, and Prescribed Burning on Fountaingrass Fuel Loading in Hawaii, by J. Michael Castillo, Gayland Enriques, Miles Nakahara, David Weise, Lawrence Ford, Rodrigo Moraga, and Robert Vilnanek, pp. 230 – 239

52. Use of Prescribed Fire and Cattle Grazing to Control Guineagrass, by Luis Enrique Ramirez-Yañez, J. Alphonso Ortega-S., Leonard A. Brennan, and George A. Rasmussen, pp. 240 – 245

53. The Response of Old World Bluestem to Mid- and Late-Summer Fire in Two Grassland Ecoregions in Central Texas, by Mark T. Simmons, Steve Windhager, Paula Power, Jason Lott, Robert K. Lyons, and Carl Schwope, pp. 246 – 250

54. The Rehabilitation of Native Vegetation Communities in an Urban Shrubland Setting: the Role of Controlled Fire Regimes (Abstract), by Ian Batterley, p. 251

55. Relationships between Fire, Soil Water, and Invasion of Semiarid Shrubland by an Exotic Forb (Abstract), by Matthew Germino, Judson Hill, Jonathan Horton, and Steven Seefeldt, p. 252

56. Fire Learning Network in the Arkansas Blackland Ecosystem (Abstract), by Maria Melnechuk, McRee Anderson, and Mark Clark, p. 253

57. Southern Fire Portal: An Internet-Based Portal for Fire Science and Management in the Southern Region (Abstract), Penelope Morgan, Cynthia Fowler, Deborah Kennard, J. Kevin Hiers, Ronald E. Masters, Jennifer Pollack, Greg Gollberg, and Ann M. Bruce, p. 254

58. Southeast Fire Ecology Partnership (Abstract), by Caroline L. Noble, Bruce Davenport, David Brownlie, Paula Seamon, Ronald E. Masters, and Kevin Robertson, p. 255

59. Got Trust? Nationwide Survey Results Concerning Public Trust in Government Fuels and Fire Management, and Preferences Regarding Fuels Reduction Methods (Abstract), by Sandra Rideout-Hanzak, J.M. Bowker, Siew-Hoon Lim, H. Ken Cordell, Gary T. Green, Cassandra Y. Johnson, and Carter J. Betz, p. 256

Volume 24

Future of Prescribed Fire: Public Awareness, Health, and Safety

1. Eighth E. V. Komarek, SR. Fire Ecology Lecturer: Dennis Haddow, by Kevin M. Robertson, p. 1

Plenary Session – The Future of Prescribed Fire

2. Welcome, by Lane Green, pp. 2 – 3

3. Introductory Comments, by Ronald E. Masters, pp. 4

4. Introduction of the Eighth Komarek Lecturer, by Kevin M. Robertson, p. 5

5. Prescribed Fire in Our Wildlands: Our Increasing Challenge, by Dennis Haddow, pp. 6 – 11

6. Lead, Follow, or Get Out of the Way!, by Alan Dozier, pp. 12 – 14

7. The Fire Summit: Looking Into the Future, by James Karels, pp. 15 – 17

8. The Role of Prescribed Fire Councils, Past and Future, by Mark Melvin, pp. 18 – 20

9. Perspectives and Comparisons of Smoke Emissions from Historic and Modern Fires: Taking the Elephant Out of the Closet and Putting It In the Stadium, by Richard Guyette and Michael Stambaugh, pp. 21 – 24

10. Prescribed Fire and the Public: Getting the Message Out, by Lane Green, pp. 25 – 29

Prescribed Fire Programs – Lessons From Experience and New Directions

11. Prescribed Fire at the St. Johns River Management District: What Can Be Accomplished When Fire Is Job One, by Steven R. Miller, Brian W. Emanuel, and Matthew K. Corby, pp. 30 – 33

12. Stakeholder Priorities for Prescribed Burning of Longleaf Pine in the Onslow Bight, North Carolina (Abstract), by Jennifer Kwasny Costanza, p. 34

13. Institutional History of Prescribed Fire in the Florida Division of Forestry: Lessons from the Past, Directions for the Future, by E. Dennis Hardin, pp. 35 – 42

14. A Summary of Fire Management on National Wildlife Refuges in the Southeast: 1980 to 2008 (Abstract), by Susan L. Wilder, Peter Kubiak, and David Brownlie, p. 43

15. Prescribed Burning Associations: Landowners Effectively Applying Fire to the Land, by John R. Weir, pp. 44 – 46

16. OK—FIRE: A Weather-Based Decision-Support System for Prescribed Burning in Oklahoma (Abstract), by J. D. Carlson, Terry G. Bidwell, Stdrovia Blackburn, Rafal Jabrzemski, and J. Michael Wolfinbarger, p. 47

Fire on the Wildland-Urban Interface

17. Landowner Behaviors to Reduce Wildfire Hazard in Areas of Exurban Population Growth (Abstract), by Mark W. Brunson and Emily A. Price, p. 48

18. Prescribed Fire in Natural Areas: An Effective Method of Suppressing Severe Wildfires in the Wildland-Urban Interface of East-Central Florida (Abstract), by David VanderBleek, p. 48

19. A GIS Data Layer for Guiding Development Compatible with Fire Management of Neighboring Conservation Sites, by Beatriz Pace-Aldana, pp. 49 – 54

Prescribed Fire Public Perception and Education

20. Perceptions of Oklahoma Residents to Prescribed Fire, by R. Dwayne Elmore, Terrence G. Bidwell, and John R. Weir, pp. 55 – 66

21. How does Context Affect Acceptability Judgments about Prescribed Fire and Its Management? (Abstract), by Cameron G. Nay and Mark W. Brunson, p. 67

22. Partners in Fire Education Project Update (Abstract), by Zachary Prusak, p. 67

23. Application of Remote Surveillance Technologies to Enhance Public Information and Outreach Related to Fire Management Objectives, by Crystal S. Stonesifer, James P. Riddering, Saxon L. Holbrook, and Lloyd P. Queen, pp. 68 – 70

24. Fire Education and Outreach in the National Park Service (Abstract), by R. Rudy Evenson and Tina Boehle, p. 71

25. Fire Outreach and Education: Lessons Learned and Methods for Making Your Message Stick (Abstract) by Christine Denny, Peter Colverson, James Brenner, and Ronda Sutphen, p. 71

Smoke and Particulate Emissions

26. Modeling Superfog: A Case Study of the I-4 Disaster of 9 January 2008 (Abstract), by Gary L. Achtemeier, p. 72

27. PM2.5 and Ozone Concentrations in Georgia: Assessing the Air Quality Impact of the 2007 South Georgia Wildfires (Abstract), by Scott L. Goodrick, p. 72

28. Chemical Signature of Biomass Burning – Emitted PM2.5 and the Detection of Its Presence in the Air by a Rapid Method, by Y. Ping Hsieh, Glynnis C. Bugna, and Kevin M. Robertson, pp. 73 – 78

29. On the Relevance of the Ventilation Index as a Tool for Regulating Prescribed Fire (Abstract), by Gary L. Achtemeier, Luke P. Naeher, John Blake, and Steven Rathbun, p. 79

30. Field Validation of PB-Piedmont, a Mesoscale Smoke Dispersion Model, for Application to Oklahoma Landscapes (Abstract), by J. D. Carlson and Gary L. Achtemeier, p. 80

31. Modeling Mercury Emissions and Dispersion from the 2007 South Georgia Wildfires (Abstract), by Scott L. Goodrick, Yonqiang Liu, and Gary Achtemeier, p. 80

32. Smoke Transport and Dispersion form Prescribed Burns: Complications Posed by Mountainous Terrain (Abstract), by Gary L. Achtemeier and Yongqiang Liu, p. 81

33. Smoke Training and Changing Regulations – An Update from the Fire Air Coordination Team (FACT) (Abstract), by David Brownlie, Dennis Haddow, Ann Acheson, Gary Curcio, Michael George, Mark Fitch, Darrel Johnston, Pete Lahm, Susan O’Neill, Paul Schlobohm, Angela Zahniser, Ron Sherron, and Mary Taber, p. 82

34. The Oklahoma Dispersion Model: Use of the Gaussian Plume Model as an Operational Smoke Management Tool (Abstract), by J. D. Carlson, Rafal Jabrzemski, and Derek, S. Arndt, p. 83

35. SHRMC-4S as a Fire and Air Quality Management Tool for Prescribed Burning (Abstracct), by Yongqiang Liu, Scott L. Goodrick, Gary Achtemeier, and William A. Jackson, p. 84

36. A Smoke Plume Pattern of 2007 Georgia/Florida Wildfires Related to Atmospheric Cyclonic Circulation over Atlantic Ocean (Abstract), by Yongqiang Liu, Scott L. Goodrick, and Gary Actemeier, p. 84

37. Sensitivity and Evaluation of Smoke Plume Rise Schemes for Regional Air Quality Simulation (Abstract), by Yongqiang Liu, Gary Achtemeier, and Scott L. Goodrick, p. 85

38. The Great Atlanta Smoke Out – Prescribed Fire in the Wildland–Urban Interface (Abstract), by Carl Schmidt and John Mason, p. 85

Fire Effects Monitoring and Mapping

39. Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Fire and Natural Resource Monitoring: Technology Overview and Future Trends, by Adam C. Watts, Leda N. Kobziar, and H. Franklin Percival, pp. 86 – 89

40. An Analysis of Burn-Severity Mapping Methods For use in Sand Pine Scrub (Abstract), by David R. Godwin and Leda N. Kobziar, p. 90

41. Accuracy of Remote Sensing Wildland Fire-Burned Area in Southeastern U. S. Coastal Plain Habitats, by Joshua J. Picotte and Kevin M. Robertson, pp. 91 – 98

42. Wildfire Mitigation Treatments in the Wildland—Urban Interface: The Surprising Case of Florida (Abstract), by Mathew W. Graham, Leda N. Kobziar, and Francisco Escobedo, p. 99

43. Measuring Carbon Pools: Methods for Site-Level Assessment of Carbon Balance in Frequently Burned Forests (Abstract), by Jesse K. Kreye, p. 100

Fuels Management and Fire Behavior

44. Responses of Long-Unburned Coastal Scrubby Flatwoods to Prescribed Burning (Abstract) , by Jose L. Silva-Lugo and George W. Tanner, p. 101

45. The Necessity of Repeated Prescribed Fire Applications in Mountain Pine Beetle-Affected Stands (Abstract), by Robert W. Gray and Rick Kubian, p. 102

46. Treated vs. Untreated Southwest Forest Response Following Wildland Fire (Abstract), by Douglas S. Cram, Terrell T. Baker, and Carl Edminster, p. 103

47. Moisture Dynamics and Fire Behavior in Mechanically Masticated Fuel Beds (Abstract), by Jesse K. Kreye, J. Morgan Varner, and Eric E. Knapp, p. 104

48. Field Evaluation of the nelson Dead Fuel Moisture Model and Comparisons with National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) Predictions (Abstract), by J. D. Carlson, Larry S. Bradshaw, Ralph M. Nelson, Jr., Randall R. Bensch, and Rafal Jabrzemski, p. 105

49. Reintroduction of Fire for Fuel Reduction and Forest Restoration in Fire-Excluded Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) (Abstract), by Sharon M. Hermann, John S. Kush, John Gilbert, Lisa McInnis, and Caroline Noble, p. 106

50. Fuel Characteristics and Fire Behavior on Old-Field versus Native Groundcover Sites in Southeastern Coastal Plain, USA (Abstract), by Ronald E. Masters and Kevin M. Robertson, p. 107

Banquet

51. Recognition of Dennis Haddow, Eighth Komarek Lecturer, by Kevin M. Robertson, p. 108

52. The Future of Prescribed Fire: Public Awareness, Health, and Safety, by Mike Long, pp. 109 – 112

Fire Effects on Plants, Animals, and Natural Communities

53. Fire Scar History Confirmation of a Long-Term Frequent Fire Regime in a Longleaf Pine-Bluestem Ecosystem, Kisatchie Hills Wilderness, Louisiana (Abstract), by Michael C. Stambaugh, Richard P. Guyette, and Joseph M. Marschall, p. 113

54. Foliar Pigments, Nitrogen, and Carbon Isotope Responses to Prescribed Burning in a Corsican Pine Forest, by Magali Cannac, Vanina Pasqualini, Paul-Antoine Santoni, and Lila Ferrat, pp. 114 – 118

55. Using Western Conifers to Predict Tree Mortality in Southern Pines: Recommendations for Fire Effects Modeling Systems (Abstract), by Leda N. Kobziar and Jesse Kreye, p. 119

56. The Influence of Different Management Strategies on Canopy Cover and Carbon Storage in Longleaf Pine Forests, by David G. Ray, pp. 120 – 126

57. Impacts of Fire on Longleaf Pine Stand Dynamics with Different Seasonal and Fire Return Intervals, by Rebecca J. Barlow, John S. Kush, Sharon M. Hermann, and Willian D. Boyer, pp. 127 – 132

58. Impact of Thermal Stress on Pinus laricio: Determining Tolerance Levels to Prescribed Burning though Field Experimentation, by Lila Ferrat, Frédéric Morandini, Isabelle Baconnais, Xavier Silvani, Liliane Berti, and Vanina Paqualini, pp. 133 – 141

59. Small-Mammal Use of Refugia Following Prescribed Burning (Abstract), by Jose L. Silva-Lugo and George W. Tanner, p. 141

60. Fire Management Planning in a Crown Fire Ecosystem: Assessing the Effects of Fire Severity and Stand Structure on Sand Pine Scrub Plant Communities (Abstract), by Johanna E. Freeman and Leda N. Kobziar, p. 142

61. Short-Term Changes in the Breeding Bird Community Associated With a Southern Pine Forest Treated With a Lightning-Season Burn (Abstract), by James Cox and Clark Jones, p. 143

62. Seaside Sparrow Next Success in Relation to Prescribed Fire Frequencies at Blackwater National Wildlife Management Area (Abstract), by Rebecca Kern, Laura R. Mitchell, W. Gregory Shriver, and Dixie L. Birch, p. 144

Inaugural Meeting of the Coalition of Prescribed Fire Councils

1. Welcome, by Mark Melvin, pp. 145 – 146

2. Alabama Prescribed Fire council, by Kent Hanby, pp. 147 – 148

3. British Columbia Prescribed Fire Council, by Robert Gray, pp. 149 – 150

4. North Florida and Central Florida Prescribed Fire Council, by Steven Miller, pp. 151 – 152

5. South Florida Prescribed Fire Council, by Grant Steelman, pp. 153 – 154

6. Georgia Prescribed fire Council, by Lane Green, pp. 155 – 156

7. Kentucky Prescribed Fire Council, by John Morgan, pp. 157 – 158

8. Michigan Prescribed Fire Council, by Michele Richards, pp. 159 – 160

9. Mississippi Prescribed Fire Council, by Russ Walsh, pp. 161 – 162

10. North Carolina Prescribed Council, by Dean Simon, pp. 163 – 164

11. Oklahoma Prescribed Fire Council, by John Weir, pp. 165 – 166

12. Pennsylvania Prescribed Fire Council, by Shannon Henry, pp. 167 – 168

13. South Carolina Prescribed Fire Council, by Ernie Wiggers, p. 169

14. Other Prescribed Fire Councils, by Mark Melvin, pp. 170 – 171

15. Introduction to American Forest Foundation’s Prescribed Fire Initiative, by Emilie Cooper, pp. 172 – 173

16. Denial Ain’t Just a River in Egypt, by Jim Brenner, pp. 174 – 176

17. Closing Remarks, by Mark Melvin, p. 177