The Tall Timbers Biological Monitoring Program is resurveying gopher tortoise populations in the Red Hills, revisiting properties where a similar survey was done in 2015.
Thanks to a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, biologists will return in early 2027 to the same 18 properties, using the exact same transects walked 12 years ago, to provide insight into local population trends.
Because gopher tortoises are a long-lived species with a low reproductive rate, this 12-year window provides a realistic temporal scale for detecting meaningful population shifts. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources funded the original 2015 tortoise survey.

A three-person crew surveyed 18 properties, walking 327 miles of transect using Line Transect Distance Sampling and scoping over 1,800 burrows. They directly observed over 800 gopher tortoises. Through statistical population modeling, we estimated a total of 5,776 gopher tortoises across those 18 properties. Research suggests that a viable, self-sustaining population requires at least 250 individuals; 10 of the 18 properties surveyed fell below that threshold.
Since conducting those surveys, the Biological Monitoring Program turned its attention to gopher tortoise health. In 2022, we implemented a study to assess pathogens in gopher tortoise populations across five Red Hills properties. We detected low abundances of Upper Respiratory Tract Disease (URTD), Helicobacter, and Leptospira.
Although tortoises can survive chronic infections, long-term sub-lethal impacts on life expectancy and reproduction remain unknown. Therefore, we need to continue long-term monitoring of these populations.
Beyond gopher tortoises, we plan to expand the survey by adding more species of interest.
More about our work with gopher tortoises: Does gopher tortoise health impact burrow use by wildlife?
We will start collecting incidental data on Southeast pocket gophers and other rare wildlife and plants encountered along our transects. More data will give us a more holistic picture of ecosystem health and will be invaluable as we pursue strategic goals, including emerging opportunities like biodiversity credits, which would help landowners offset management costs while maintaining the Red Hills’ rich biodiversity.


















